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Gene Review:

PRV - Pseudorabies susceptibility

Sus scrofa

Czaja, K., De Regge, N. et al., Lee, C.S. et al., Brukman, A. et al., Lari, A. et al., et al.

Blanchard, Le Meur, Le Cunff, Blanchard, Léger, Jestin,

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Disease relevance of PRV

Alpha-herpesviruses constitute closely related neurotropic viruses, including herpes simplex virus in man and pseudorabies virus (PRV) in pigs [1].
Pseudorabies virus (PRV), an alphaherpesvirus related to herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella-zoster virus, infects a broad host range of mammals [2].
While the anti-interferon (IFN) strategies of HSV-1 have been studied, little is known about how PRV evades the IFN-mediated immune response [3].
The antiviral activities of the products were determined by WISH cells/Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) and PK 15 cells/Pseudorabies Virus (PRV) respectively [4].
These data indicate that the recombinant rPRV-GP5m-M is a promising candidate bivalent vaccine against both PRV and PRRSV infection [5].

High impact information on PRV

We report that in vitro infection of swine TG neurons with the homologous swine alpha-herpesvirus PRV results in the appearance of numerous synaptophysin-positive synaptic boutons (varicosities) along the axons [1].
In this study, we determined if wild-type PRV infection can overcome the establishment of a beta interferon (IFN-beta)-induced antiviral state in primary rat fibroblasts [3].
All prime-boost vaccinated pigs survived the lethal challenge infection without PRV-specific clinical symptoms and presented excellent body weight loss attenuation [6].
Cellular gene expression survey of PseudoRabies Virus (PRV) infected Human Embryonic Kidney cells (HEK-293) [7].
Infected neurons were in the ventromedial nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus and preoptic area after injection of PRV into perirenal adipose tissue, while infected cells in the lateral hypothalamic area projected only to the subcutaneous adipose tissue depot [8].

Anatomical context of PRV

This study is the first qualitative analysis of a gene expression survey in a human cell line following PRV infection [7].
In the pig, neurons localised in the paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus and arcuate nucleus were infected with pseudorabies virus (PRV) 9 days after injections into both the perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissue depots [8].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of PRV

The prime-boost vaccination induced strong humoral and cellular-like PRV-specific immune responses [6].
The sensitivities of the multiplex PCR were 10(2.5)TCID(50)/ml for PRV, 10(1.8)TCID(50)/ml for PCMV, and 10(1.8)TCID(50)/ml for PCV [9].
The pseudorabies virus (PRV), porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV), and porcine circovirus (PCV) are infectious agents in pigs that are considered to be of significance for the microbiological safety of xenotransplantation [9].
The presence of pseudorabies virus (PRV) antibodies, antigen, and DNA were confirmed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), respectively [10].
A significantly higher prevalence of PRV antigen and seroprevalence was detected in older animals [10].

References

Alpha-herpesvirus glycoprotein D interaction with sensory neurons triggers formation of varicosities that serve as virus exit sites. De Regge, N., Nauwynck, H.J., Geenen, K., Krummenacher, C., Cohen, G.H., Eisenberg, R.J., Mettenleiter, T.C., Favoreel, H.W. J. Cell Biol. (2006) [Pubmed]
Pseudorabies Virus EP0 Protein Counteracts an Interferon-Induced Antiviral State in a Species-Specific Manner. Brukman, A., Enquist, L.W. J. Virol. (2006) [Pubmed]
Suppression of the interferon-mediated innate immune response by pseudorabies virus. Brukman, A., Enquist, L.W. J. Virol. (2006) [Pubmed]
Characterization of the porcine alpha interferon multigene family. Cheng, G., Chen, W., Li, Z., Yan, W., Zhao, X., Xie, J., Liu, M., Zhang, H., Zhong, Y., Zheng, Z. Gene (2006) [Pubmed]
Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing the two major membrane-associated proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Jiang, Y., Fang, L., Xiao, S., Zhang, H., Pan, Y., Luo, R., Li, B., Chen, H. Vaccine (2007) [Pubmed]
Prime-boost immunization using DNA vaccine and recombinant Orf virus protects pigs against Pseudorabies virus (Herpes suid 1). Dory, D., Fischer, T., Béven, V., Cariolet, R., Rziha, H.J., Jestin, A. Vaccine (2006) [Pubmed]
Cellular gene expression survey of PseudoRabies Virus (PRV) infected Human Embryonic Kidney cells (HEK-293). Blanchard, Y., Le Meur, N., Le Cunff, M., Blanchard, P., Léger, J., Jestin, A. Vet. Res. (2006) [Pubmed]
Transsynaptic connections between the hypothalamus and adipose tissue: relationship to reproduction. Czaja, K. Reprod. Suppl. (2006) [Pubmed]
Multiplex PCR for the simultaneous detection of pseudorabies virus, porcine cytomegalovirus, and porcine circovirus in pigs. Lee, C.S., Moon, H.J., Yang, J.S., Park, S.J., Song, D.S., Kang, B.K., Park, B.K. J. Virol. Methods (2007) [Pubmed]
Pseudorabies virus in European wild boar from central Italy. Lari, A., Lorenzi, D., Nigrelli, D., Brocchi, E., Faccini, S., Poli, A. J. Wildl. Dis. (2006) [Pubmed]

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