- The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway is activated by lipoteichoic acid and plays a role in Kupffer cell production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10. Dahle, M.K., Øverland, G., Myhre, A.E., Stuestøl, J.F., Hartung, T., Krohn, C.D., Mathiesen, Ø., Wang, J.E., Aasen, A.O. Infect. Immun. (2004)