Osmoregulation in the renal papilla: membranes, messengers and molecules.
This contribution summarizes recent progress in the understanding of the molecular basis of the release of organic osmolytes that occurs when inner medullary cells are confronted with a drop in osmolarity in their environment. For sorbitol release across the basolateral membrane an increase in intracellular calcium seems to be the prominent signal, initiated by G-protein activation, followed by phosphatidylcholine phospholipase activation and generation of arachidonic acid. The increase in betaine permeability is also G-protein dependent but calcium independent, and is restricted to the basal-lateral cell face. Myo-inositol and glycerophosphorylcholine efflux are calcium and G-protein independent and occur both across the apical and basolateral membrane, although to a different extent. Taurine release is also calcium and G-protein independent; a swelling-activated anion channel at the basolateral membrane represents the major efflux pathway.[1]References
- Osmoregulation in the renal papilla: membranes, messengers and molecules. Kinne, R.K., Boese, S.H., Kinne-Saffran, E., Ruhfus, B., Tinel, H., Wehner, F. Kidney Int. (1996) [Pubmed]
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