Disease relevance of C12219

• The dhb operon of Bacillus subtilis encodes the biosynthetic template for the catecholic siderophore 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate-glycine-threonine trimeric ester bacillibactin [1].
• Bacillibactin was first reported as isolated from Corynebacterium glutamicum and called corynebactin [2].
• Hexadentate bacillibactin is the siderophore of Bacillus subtilis and is structurally similar to the better known enterobactin of Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli [2].
• Salmochelin and MECAM induced bfeA transcription in iron-starved Bordetella cells, but induction by corynebactin and TRENCAM was minimal [3].
• However, the insecticidal organism Bacillus thuringiensis ATCC 33679 makes only bacillibactin [4].

High impact information on C12219

• Despite the great efficiency of BB at chelating iron, PB may be the only siderophore necessary to ensure full virulence of the pathogen [5].
• The synthesis of the catecholic siderophore bacillibactin is accomplished by the nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) encoded by the dhb operon [6].
• Upon iron limitation, Bacillus subtilis secretes the catecholic trilactone (2,3-dihydroxybenzoate-glycine-threonine)(3) siderophore bacillibactin (BB) for ferric iron scavenging [7].
• A clone of the wild-type irp6 operon (pCM6ABC) complemented the constitutive corynebactin production phenotype of HC1, HC4, and HC5 but not of HC3, whereas a clone of the wild-type irp1 operon failed to complement any of these strains [8].
• Three Bacillus anthracis Sterne strains (USAMRIID, 7702, and 34F2) and Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 excrete two catecholate siderophores, petrobactin (which contains 3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl moieties) and bacillibactin (which contains 2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl moieties) [4].

Associations of C12219 with other chemical compounds

• The chirality and relative conformational stability of the three ferric complexes of enterobactin, corynebactin, and the hybrid have been investigated by molecular modeling (including MM3 and pBP86/DN density functional theory calculations) and circular dichroism spectra [9].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of C12219

• The present microarray analysis of iron-starved Bacillus subtilis cells grown in minimal medium unveils additional physiological effects on a large number of genes linked to stringent-response regulation and to genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis associated with pathways essential for bacillibactin production [10].

References