Disease relevance of pfl

• Higher levels of diacetyl and acetoin were produced anaerobically in the constructed Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis pfl strain [1].

High impact information on pfl

• Constructed L. lactis pfl strains were unable to produce formate under anaerobic growth [1].
• Analysis of pfl expression showed a strong induction under anaerobiosis at the transcriptional level independent of the growth medium used [1].
• The genetic organization of the chromosomal pfl region in L. lactis showed differences from other characterized pfl loci, with an upstream open reading frame independently transcribed in the same orientation as the pfl gene [1].
• During growth with galactose, pfl showed the highest levels of expression [1].
• The flux limitation at the level of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase led to an increase in the pool concentrations of both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone-phosphate and inhibition of pyruvate formate lyase activity [2].

Biological context of pfl

• The deduced amino acid sequence of the L. lactis PFL. protein showed high similarity to those of other bacterial PFL proteins and included the conserved glycine residue involved in posttranslational activation of PFL [1].

Associations of pfl with chemical compounds

• Regulation of pyruvate formate lyase activity by triose phosphates was relaxed, and mixed-acid fermentation occurred (no significant production of lactate on lactose) due mostly to the strong inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase by the in vivo NADH/NAD+ ratio [2].
• A PFL-defective strain (requiring acetate for anaerobic growth) displayed a two-fold increase in specific lactate production compared with the corresponding wild-type strain when grown anaerobically [3].

References