High impact information on Atf1

• Examination of CREM mRNA and protein levels in CREB mutant mice demonstrated overexpression of CREM in all tissues examined, but no change in ATF1 levels [1].
• ATF1(+/-) CREB(-/-) embryos display a phenotype of embryonic lethality around embryonic day 9.5 due to massive apoptosis [2].
• Activating transcription factor (ATF)-2 is a member of the ATF/cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein family of transcription factors [3].
• Induction of activating transcription factor 1 by nickel and its role as a negative regulator of thrombospondin I gene expression [4].
• TCR-ATF1 and TCR-ATF2 were expressed in all cell lines examined and in mouse embryos as early as 12.5 days [5].

Biological context of Atf1

• CREB and ATF1 are abundantly expressed in T cells and are rapidly activated by phosphorylation when T cells are stimulated through the T cell antigen receptor [6].
• Activating transcription factor 1 and CREB are important for cell survival during early mouse development [2].
• Thus, we have shown that TAM-67 squelches the induction of activating transcription factor-1 transactivation in response to OA and that TAM-67 is capable of interacting with proteins that control transactivation by binding to the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate response element, cAMP response element and nuclear factor-kappaB sites [7].

Anatomical context of Atf1

• We show that T cell-specific loss of CREB in mice, in combination with the loss of ATF1, results in reduced thymic cellularity and delayed thymic recovery following sublethal irradiation but no changes in T cell development or activation [6].

Physical interactions of Atf1

• TCR-ATF bound methylated CRE and CRE mutant M4 (4C----G) that were not recognized by CREB [5].

Other interactions of Atf1

• We have isolated cDNA clones, TCR-ATF1 and TCR-ATF2, encoding DNA-binding proteins that recognize this CRE motif [5].
• Both TCR-ATF1 and TCR-ATF2 shared a conserved leucine zipper and DNA binding motif with other CRE-binding proteins [5].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Atf1

• Western blots and gel mobility shift assays of control palatal nuclear extracts revealed that, although all relevant TF are present in the palate throughout development, only cyclic-AMP response element (CRE) binding protein (CREB) and CRE-modulator protein-1 (CREM-1) and activating transcription factor-1 bound to TRE on Gestation Day (GD) 12 [8].

References