Disease relevance of AGR3

• Evaluation of AGR2 and AGR3 as candidate genes for inflammatory bowel disease [1].
• Diversity of the protein disulfide isomerase family: identification of breast tumor induced Hag2 and Hag3 as novel members of the protein family [2].
• AG3 (AYSSGAPPMPPF) is an inorganic-binding peptide that specifically and selectively binds to silver demonstrated by phage display library according to the Stone group [3].

High impact information on AGR3

• Four monoclonal antibodies (BH11, T2/30, AG3, and BC3) were produced against different epithelial components of the normal thymus [4].
• All 12 isolates were stapylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IVc, had an agr3 allele, and shared a common toxin gene profile (sea-see, seg-sej, eta, etb, and tst negative but etd positive) [5].
• Tumour expression of both genes correlated with OR (hAG2, P=0.0002; hAG-3, P=0.0012), and inversely correlated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (P=0.003) [6].
• Although the roles of hAG-2 and hAG-3 in mammalian cells are unknown, both proteins share a high degree of protein sequence homology and lie adjacent to one another on chromosome 7p21. hAG-2 mRNA expression has previously been demonstrated in oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive cell lines [6].
• Substitution of the oxidation-sensitive thiol function of mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) by a hydroxyl group yields a tetraligand (hydroxyacetyltriglycine or HAG3) which is almost insensitive to oxidation and has the advantage over MAG3 that it can be stored safely without protection of the alcohol function [7].

Biological context of AGR3

• The genes encoding for the human homologues AGR2 and AGR3 are localized on chromosome 7p21 [1].
• In our experiment, synthesized silver-binding peptide AG3 was immobilized on the surface of protonated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film which was prepared for biomimetic synthesis silver particles in vitro [3].
• The biosorption of Acid red 88 (AR88), Acid green 3 (AG3) and Acid orange 7 (AO7) by deactivated fresh water macro alga Azolla filiculoides was investigated in batch mode [8].

Associations of AGR3 with chemical compounds

• The adsorption capacity was pH dependent with a maximum value of 109.0 mg/g at pH 7 for AR88, 133.5 mg/g at pH 3 for AG3 and 109.6 mg/g at pH 3 for AO7, respectively, was obtained [8].

Other interactions of AGR3

• hAG-2 and hAG-3 are recently discovered human homologues of the secreted Xenopus laevis proteins XAG-1/2 (AGR-1/2) that are expressed in the cement gland, an ectodermal organ in the head associated with anteroposterior fate determination during early development [6].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of AGR3

• In this study, we have used real-time quantitative RT - PCR analysis and immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays to demonstrate concordant expression of hAG-2 and hAG-3 mRNA and protein in breast tumour tissues [6].

References