Disease relevance of Fresh Water

• STK, the Src tyrosine kinase homologous of the fresh water polyp hydra, is a key component of the signal transduction system for cell differentiation in this organism [1].
• Thus, no evidence to support the use of methylprednisolone in the treatment of the pulmonary lesion of fresh-water near-drowning was found [2].
• Simultaneous detection and differentiation of Escherichia coli populations from environmental freshwaters by means of sequence variations in a fragment of the beta-D-glucuronidase gene [3].
• In some locations, the concentrations of TBT were higher than the acute and chronic toxicity threshold of sensitive fresh water or marine organisms [4].
• Mice in the control (30%) and fresh water fish (27.5%) groups had significantly higher incidences of lymphoma than those fed Atlantic fish species (5%) [5].

High impact information on Fresh Water

• The event was triggered by a persistent northwesterly wind that transported large amounts of buoyant cold and fresh water into the northern North Atlantic Ocean [6].
• In fresh water, concentrations of taurine in body tissues decrease; in salt water, they increase [7].
• Chloride concentrations are increasing at a rate that threatens the availability of fresh water in the northeastern United States. Increases in roadways and deicer use are now salinizing fresh waters, degrading habitat for aquatic organisms, and impacting large supplies of drinking water for humans throughout the region [8].
• After transfer of eels from fresh water to seawater, mRNA expression of guanylin and uroguanylin did not change for 3 h, but it increased after 24 h [9].
• A new glycosphingolipid, provisionally named Lipid III in our previous work (Hori, T., Sugita, M., Kanbayashi, J., and Itasaka, O. (1977) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 81, 107-114), was extracted and purified from the spermatozoa of the fresh water bivalve, Hyriopsis schlegelii [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Fresh Water

• Determinations of standard lung volumes, mechanics of breathing, and single breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) were obtained serially in two young patients who survived near drowning in fresh water [11].
• It was found that the toxicity of chlorophenols was almost same for E. fetida and for fresh water organisms [12].
• The antimutagenic properties of whole fresh-water blue-green algae Aphanisomenon flos-aquae, marketed under the commercial name "Alpha Sun" were tested using the Ames test [13].
• Toxicity of Temik (aldicarb) for a fresh water teleost, Barbus conchonius Hamilton [14].
• Our findings of a cefotaxime-sensitive Aeromonas infection and its successful treatment suggests that the organism should undergo further evaluation of cefotaxime sensitivity and that cefotaxime and other third-generation cephalosporins may have a role as broad-spectrum antibiotic agents in fresh-water trauma [15].

Biological context of Fresh Water

• Therefore, the parent phenol does not remain in fresh water; it is either incorporated into cellular biomass or mineralized [16].
• The slow complexation kinetics of both Ni(II) and Cu(II) suggestthatthe usual equilibrium assumption for freshwaters may be invalid [17].
• These results suggest that chloride cells may be a rather common occurrence in the gill epithelia of stenohaline fresh water teleosts, and may function in ion transport in these fishes in fresh water environments [18].
• Six children who remained in deep coma after immersion accidents in fresh water received therapy to maintain normal intracranial pressure (ICP) [19].
• Fluoride-induced changes in carbohydrate metabolism in the tissues of fresh water crab Barytelphusa querini [20].

Anatomical context of Fresh Water

• Characterization of a novel glycosphingolipid, ceramide nonasaccharide, isolated from spermatozoa of the fresh water bivalve, Hyriopsis schlegelii [10].
• The chloride cells of the gill secretory epithelium of fish that make the transition from fresh water to sea water adapt to the increased salinity by responding to a rapid signal that stimulates chloride secretion [21].
• The chloride cells in the yolk-sac membrane were larger in sea water than in fresh water [22].
• A comparison of the PRL cells in young and adult fish reared in fresh water (FW) with siblings reared from hatching in diluted sea water (1/3 SW) did not reveal any differences with respect to the volume densities of the organelles, including the secretory granules [23].
• The effects of two commonly used fertilizers, diammonium phosphate and urea, on hematological parameters (hemoglobin, red blood cell count, hematocrit, and total leucocyte count) of fresh water fish Clarias batrachus were studied [24].

Associations of Fresh Water with chemical compounds

• To determine if such infections may be considered opportunistic, groups of laboratory mice were pretreated with either methylprednisolone or tetracycline and inoculated intranasally with 1.075 times 10(4) Acanthamoeba castellanii isolated from a natural fresh water well [25].
• Early consideration of this unusual diagnosis, based on historical factors (recent contact with warm fresh water), coupled with prompt aggressive therapy with high-dose amphotericin B is emphasized in achieving a successful outcome [26].
• Here, we demonstrate that this method is inappropriate for measuring CLS in oxic freshwaters in which sulfate concentrations are large relative to the dissolved metal sulfides [27].
• Thus, storage in fresh water appears to have inhibited the acute Lp response to atrial peptide observed in vessels from the FA or DS animals [28].
• Growth of phenol-mineralizing microorganisms in fresh water [29].

Gene context of Fresh Water

• PRL cells in juvenile fish kept in fresh water had big, round-nuclei, and were heavily labeled, indicating that they were active [30].
• Fes/FER_SR shows next to best homology with the Abl family of non-receptor PTKs, while Src-related PTKs from the fresh-water sponge Spongilla lacustris are related only distantly to Fes/FER_SR [31].
• Enlarged flaA genes, contributing three further polymorphisms, were detected in strains isolated from fresh water [32].
• The enzymes beta-D-galactosidase (GALase) and beta-D-glucuronidase (GLUase) were shown to be already induced in freshwaters when tested, respectively, with the inducers isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside and methyl-beta-D-glucuronide [33].
• Plasma GH levels of the mature chum salmon caught in Otsuchi Bay were highly variable, especially in females (20.2 +/- 8.2 ng/ml) as compared with males (16.0 +/- 1.1 ng/ml), and there was no significant change after transfer to fresh water [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Fresh Water

• The interface of bone and aragonite nacre (Margaritifera, fresh water pearl mussel) was studied by in situ hybridization and a tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) histochemical assay [35].
• Using a ouabain-specific ATPase assay and western blotting, we found that stingrays from fresh water had the highest activity and highest relative abundance of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase in the gills [36].
• Moreover, the possibility to utilize D. discoideum in a bioassay for the pre-chemical screening both of moist environments and fresh waters, in relation to the occurrence of the neurotoxic organophosphate drugs, such as "basudin", inhibiting ChE activity, was investigated [37].
• Glutathione transferase from the hepatopancreas of fresh water crayfish Macrobrachium vollenhovenii was purified to apparent homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 [38].
• Radioimmunoassay for arginine-vasotocin (AVT) in serum of Pekin ducks: AVT concentrations after adaptation to fresh water and salt water [39].

References