High impact information on Acp1

• The function of the frizzled (fz) locus is required for the development of a parallel array of bristles and hairs on the adult cuticle of Drosophila melanogaster [1].
• Mutant alleles of the Drosophila decapentaplegic (dpp) gene affect embryonic dorsal-ventral pattern formation, larval viability, and adult cuticle formation from the imaginal disks [2].
• A 12-kb genomic fragment containing this transcript along with 2.8 kb of 5'-flanking sequence and 4.6 kb of 3'-flanking sequence is sufficient for the wild-type expression of the larval and adult cuticle phenotypes in germ-line transformants [3].
• This putative y gene transcript is present at high levels in pupae when melanization of the adult cuticle occurs, but its steady-state levels change dramatically during development, being highest in late embryos prior to hatching [4].
• Many of the same genes needed for proper eye and limb development in vertebrates, such as hairy, hedgehog, patched and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A, are responsible for patterning Drosophila imaginal discs, the tissues that will give rise to the adult cuticle structures [5].

Biological context of Acp1

• The frizzled gene of Drosophila encodes a transmembrane receptor molecule required for cell polarity decisions in the adult cuticle [6].
• The morphological patterns in the adult cuticle of Drosophila are determined principally by the homeotic genes of the bithorax and Antennapedia complexes [7].
• An association between quantitative variation of rDNA on the Y chromosome and male expression of the juvenilized, adult cuticle of the abnormal abdomen syndrome has been found for Drosophila mercatorum [8].

Anatomical context of Acp1

• The localized expression indicates that the matrix is not simply related to disc differentiation, as all regions of the columnar disc epithelium are determined to secrete adult cuticle [9].
• Patterns of protein synthesis in cells of the imaginal hypodermis are regulated in a precise temporal sequence during the production of adult cuticle [10].
• Although adult cuticle quenched fluorescence, GFP was routinely detectable in the thorax [11].

Associations of Acp1 with chemical compounds

• Since the Met mutation also confers resistance to methoprene-induced abnormalities in adult cuticle formation, the autonomy of Met expression could be evaluated in flies mosiac for this mutation [12].
• In vitro melanization studies with various pigmentation mutants that are associated with critical enzymatic steps in Drosophila catecholamine metabolism are consistent with their proposed function and suggest a central role of N-beta-alanyldopamine in adult cuticle pigmentation [13].

Other interactions of Acp1

• Rg-pbx is a dominant gain-of-function mutation which shows a transformation of posterior haltere to wing in the adult cuticle [14].
• Although the adult cuticle lacks proper pigmentation as expected in flies with low DDC activity (less than or equal to 5%), the bristles unexpectedly have wild-type black pigmentation [15].
• The frizzled (fz) gene of Drosophila is required for planar polarity establishment in the adult cuticle, acting both cell autonomously and nonautonomously [16].
• Dhr38 alleles cause localized fragility and rupturing of the adult cuticle, demonstrating that Dhr38 plays an important role in late stages of epidermal metamorphosis [17].
• Transheterozygotes of en1 and EMS-induced, cytologically normal enlethal alleles have almost normal adult cuticle phenotypes and also exhibit normal patterns of engrailed protein expression in all of the thoracic imaginal discs [18].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Acp1

• Cautery of any of the presumptive imaginal regions can lead to defects in the adult cuticle, though the majority of adults which hatch are morphologically normal [19].

References