Disease relevance of Y Chromosome

• Males from the BXSB murine strain (H-2b) spontaneously develop an autoimmune syndrome with features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which results in part from the action of a mutant gene (Yaa) located on the Y chromosome [1].
• Our laboratory has shown that the Y chromosome has a significant effect on blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model of hypertension and that the testes and androgen receptor contribute to the blood pressure rise [2].
• The accelerated development of lupus-like autoimmune disease in male BXSB mice (H-2b, I-E-) is associated to the presence of a mutant gene, designated Yaa, located on their Y chromosome [3].
• Staining with the AT-specific fluorescent dye Hoechst 33258 showed extensive resolution of AT-rich heterochromatic blocks in the third and Y chromosomes suggesting their lack of coalescence in the extended metaphases of neuroblastomas [4].
• We have isolated a novel transposable element from the Y chromosome of Drosophila miranda (obscura group) which shows an organization intermediate between that of typical retroviruses and the I factor of Drosophila melanogaster [5].

High impact information on Y Chromosome

• Here we report the finished sequence of the chimpanzee Y chromosome (PTRY), including 271 kb of the Y-specific pseudoautosomal region 1 and 12.7 Mb of the male-specific region of the Y chromosome [6].
• Evidence that positive selection drives Y-chromosome degeneration in Drosophila miranda [7].
• Primitive cells bearing Y chromosomes that expressed c-kit, MDR1, and Sca-1 were also investigated [8].
• In most mammals, male development is triggered by the transient expression of the Y-chromosome gene, Sry, which initiates a cascade of gene interactions ultimately leading to the formation of a testis from the indifferent fetal gonad [9].
• In a six-generation pedigree with LWD, we established linkage to the marker DXYS6814 in the pseudoautosomal region (PAR1) of the X and Y chromosomes (Z max=6.28; theta=0) [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Y Chromosome

• By analysis of appropriate genetic crosses we show in the present study that the X and Y chromosomes of these lines can confer different degrees of resistance on an inhibitor of ribosomal RNA synthesis (beta exotoxin or thuringiensin) present in the thermostable supernatant of Bacillus thuringiensis cultures [11].
• The present study was undertaken to investigate whether the development of proteinuria in the borderline hypertensive rat (BHR) is influenced by the Y chromosome and to determine if the onset of proteinuria in the BHR is delayed when blood pressure is lowered with enalapril, an angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor [12].

Biological context of Y Chromosome

• B6-YPOS sex reversal appears to result from the incompatibility of the Sry (sex determining region, Y chromosome) allele carried on the YPOS chromosome with B6-derived autosomal or X-linked loci [13].
• Kallmann syndrome gene on the X and Y chromosomes: implications for evolutionary divergence of human sex chromosomes [14].
• Using DNA from the Y chromosome we found sequence homology in the pairing region of the human X and Y chromosomes [15].
• We report a 6-amino-acid deletion in the Zfy-2 zinc finger domain of laboratory mice possessing musculus Y chromosomes [16].
• We have combined the unique antigen-presenting properties of dendritic cells and high levels of episomal expression following transfection of COS cells to identify a Y chromosome gene encoding two HY peptide epitopes, HYAb and HYEk [17].

Anatomical context of Y Chromosome

• The Y chromosome RNA recognition motif (YRRM) family includes a minimum of three members expressed specifically in the testis [18].
• The X-linked actin sequence has been assigned to a centromeric region between Xp11 and Xq11 by hybridization to DNAs from a panel of human-mouse hybrid cell lines, and thus lies outside the postulated region of homology between the X and Y chromosomes [19].
• Two-color centromeric FISH was used to study the inclusion of the X and Y chromosomes in micronuclei of cultured lymphocytes from 10 men representing two age groups (21-29 years and 51-55 years) [20].
• We suggest that GATA repeats of Bkm brings about a coordinated decondensation of the W and Y sex chromosomes in the germ cells of the heterogametic sex in response to BBP which may serve as a "switch" for the activation of the genes present on the W and Y chromosomes [21].
• Two genes (Dby and Eif2s3y) were mapped to the Y chromosome and were expressed in male blastocysts [22].

Associations of Y Chromosome with chemical compounds

• In conclusion, testosterone caused an enhanced renal NE release that was strain-specific, with the Y chromosome raising renal NE content and release [23].
• Testosterone effects on renal norepinephrine content and release in rats with different Y chromosomes [23].
• Further analyses of 14 strains tested for the permissive vs. restrictive status of their flamenco alleles suggest that the presence of permissive alleles of flam in a stock tends to be associated with the confinement of active gypsy elements to the Y chromosome [24].
• Although quinacrine staining of Y chromosomes can be performed on cells previously marked for membrane antigens, this staining is not fully discriminative between male and female cells [25].
• When the biotin-labeled DOP-PCR product was hybridized with competitor DNA in situ, the fluorescent signal painted the Y chromosomes [26].

Gene context of Y Chromosome

• Hya, the murine locus controlling H-Y expression, has been localized to delta Sxrb, a deletion interval of the short arm of the Y chromosome [27].
• We report here the identification of a functional marsupial Y-linked homologue of the murine Ube1y gene establishing that Metatherian and Eutherian Y chromosomes diverged from a common ancestor [28].
• The Y chromosomes of the subspecies Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus were distinguishable by a Zfy-1 restriction fragment polymorphism, which can be used to study their differing interactions with autosomal sex-determining genes [29].
• Molecular and cytogenetic evidence for the location of Tdy and Hya on the mouse Y chromosome short arm [30].
• However, an anomalous crossing-over event of this kind would only give rise to the observed result if the native homologue of the Sxr region were situated on the very minute short arm of the Y chromosome [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Y Chromosome

• PCR analysis of the male-specific Sry gene and Y chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of male-derived cells in the kidneys of female recipients [32].
• By employing a number of insertional translocations of autosomal material into the long arm of the Y chromosome, Rsp can be mapped as the most proximal locus in the 2R heterochromatin as defined both by cytology and lethal complementation tests [33].
• Moreover, preliminary sequence analysis and several other features support the hypothesis that DhDhc7(Y) on the lampbrush loops Threads in D. hydei and Dhc-Yh3 on the lampbrush loops kl-5 in Drosophila melanogaster on the heterochromatic Y chromosome of both species might indeed code for orthologous dynein beta heavy chain proteins [34].
• Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the Sry gene of the Y chromosome was positive in four of five cell-treated and zero of five medium-treated hearts confirming viability of male cells in female donors [35].
• No dmrt gene could be detected by low-stringency Southern blot analysis of genomic inserts from 60 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones linked to the sex-determining locus on the X and Y chromosomes [36].

References