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Gene Review

Synpcc7942_1218  -  circadian clock protein KaiA

Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942

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Disease relevance of Synpcc7942_1218

  • The kai gene cluster, which is composed of three genes, kaiA, kaiB and kaiC, is essential for the generation of circadian rhythms in the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 [1].
  • Using model strains in which we ectopically express the cyanobacterial clock protein KaiC in cells from which the clock genes kaiA, kaiB and/or kaiC are deleted, we found that some features of circadian clocks in eukaryotic organisms are conserved in the clocks of prokaryotic cyanobacteria, but others are not [2].
 

High impact information on Synpcc7942_1218

  • Continuous kaiC overexpression repressed the kaiBC promoter, whereas kaiA overexpression enhanced it [3].
  • Promoter activities upstream of the kaiA and kaiB genes showed circadian rhythms of expression, and both kaiA and kaiBC messenger RNAs displayed circadian cycling [3].
  • A primer extension and deletion analyses of the upstream region mapped the sufficient promoter region (SPR) to base pairs -55 to +1 (the transcription start site, TSS) and identified a constitutive negative regulatory region upstream of the SPR (base pairs -897 to -56) that extended into the coding sequence of kaiA [4].
  • Expressing either kaiA or kaiBC from a heterologous promoter whose peak expression occurs 12 h out of phase from the norm, and thus 12 h out of phase from the other kai locus, did not affect the time required for one cycle (period) or phase of the circadian rhythm, as measured by bioluminescence reporters [5].
  • Rhythmic expression patterns of kaiA and of the kaiBC operon normally peak in synchrony [5].
 

Biological context of Synpcc7942_1218

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Synpcc7942_1218

  • Electrophoresis mobility shift assay using a 25-base pair complementary oligonucleotide incorporating the kaiA upstream sequence demonstrates that Pex has an affinity for the double-stranded DNA [7].

References

  1. Physical interactions among circadian clock proteins KaiA, KaiB and KaiC in cyanobacteria. Iwasaki, H., Taniguchi, Y., Ishiura, M., Kondo, T. EMBO J. (1999) [Pubmed]
  2. Cyanobacterial circadian clockwork: roles of KaiA, KaiB and the kaiBC promoter in regulating KaiC. Xu, Y., Mori, T., Johnson, C.H. EMBO J. (2003) [Pubmed]
  3. Expression of a gene cluster kaiABC as a circadian feedback process in cyanobacteria. Ishiura, M., Kutsuna, S., Aoki, S., Iwasaki, H., Andersson, C.R., Tanabe, A., Golden, S.S., Johnson, C.H., Kondo, T. Science (1998) [Pubmed]
  4. Transcriptional regulation of the circadian clock operon kaiBC by upstream regions in cyanobacteria. Kutsuna, S., Nakahira, Y., Katayama, M., Ishiura, M., Kondo, T. Mol. Microbiol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  5. Stability of the Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 circadian clock under directed anti-phase expression of the kai genes. Ditty, J.L., Canales, S.R., Anderson, B.E., Williams, S.B., Golden, S.S. Microbiology (Reading, Engl.) (2005) [Pubmed]
  6. Mutations in KaiA, a clock protein, extend the period of circadian rhythm in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. Nishimura, H., Nakahira, Y., Imai, K., Tsuruhara, A., Kondo, H., Hayashi, H., Hirai, M., Saito, H., Kondo, T. Microbiology (Reading, Engl.) (2002) [Pubmed]
  7. Structural and Biochemical Characterization of a Cyanobacterium Circadian Clock-modifier Protein. Arita, K., Hashimoto, H., Igari, K., Akaboshi, M., Kutsuna, S., Sato, M., Shimizu, T. J. Biol. Chem. (2007) [Pubmed]
 
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