Disease relevance of Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid

• We analyzed the DNA binding properties of wild-type simian virus 40 large T antigen and found that the protein binds cooperatively to three tandem sites at a regulatory region of SV40 DNA [1].
• The regulatory region of the biotin operon in Escherichia coli [2].
• The regulatory region of the trp operon of Serratia marcescens [3].
• Previous work suggests that a regulatory region lies 5' and remote to the gene, as indicated by a region of tissue-specific DNase I hypersensitivity and by underproducing mutants with DNA lesions in the hypersensitive region [4].
• Previous transfection studies of HIV LTR constructs linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene indicated that multiple regulatory regions including the enhancer, SP1, TATA and TAR regions were important for HIV gene expression [5].

Psychiatry related information on Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid

• We have recently found three new polymorphisms within the APOE transcriptional regulatory region (M.J.A. et al., manuscript submitted) and now establish an association between one of these polymorphisms (-491A/T) and dementia as observed in Alzheimer's disease, in two independent clinical populations [6].
• The upstream regulatory region of the serotonin transporter gene has not, therefore, a major influence on the depressive symptomatology in mood disorder subjects [7].
• Evidence for likely altered regulation of UBE3A expression in maternal 15q11-q13 duplications suggests further investigation of the regulatory regions of this gene in autistic disorder [8].
• We examined, in rats, the activity of the major metabolic enzymes for adenosine - adenosine deaminase, adenosine kinase, ecto- and cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase - in sleep/wake regulatory regions as well as cerebral cortex, and how the activity varies across the day and with sleep deprivation [9].
• PRNP contains both intronic and upstream regulatory regions that may influence susceptibility to Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease [10].

High impact information on Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid

• SXL binding to the 3'UTR regulatory region inhibits the recruitment of 43S ribosomal preinitiation complexes to the mRNA [11].
• To address this issue directly, we mapped three quantitative trait loci that control yeast sporulation efficiency to single-nucleotide resolution in a noncoding regulatory region (RME1) and to two missense mutations (TAO3 and MKT1) [12].
• We propose that deposition and inheritance of actively modified H3.3 in regulatory regions maintains transcriptionally active chromatin [13].
• Defining the CREB regulon: a genome-wide analysis of transcription factor regulatory regions [14].
• Using truncated Adh constructs, a nontranscribed segment in the Adh regulatory region was found to be one of the sequences required for homology recognition [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid

• Mechanism of araC autoregulation and the domains of two overlapping promoters, Pc and PBAD, in the L-arabinose regulatory region of Escherichia coli [16].
• We examined this regulatory region of the ETB receptor gene (EDNRB) to determine whether hypermethylation of cytidine nucleotides accompanies decreased ETB expression in human prostate cancer [17].
• Possible association of fibromyalgia with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region [18].
• Chemotaxis toward insulin proceeded through a pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway and required both tyrosine kinase activity and tyrosine autophosphorylation of the regulatory region of the beta-subunit [19].
• We have analyzed phosphatidylserine-dependent Ca2+ binding to fusion proteins expressed in Escherichia coli that carry various modifications in the regulatory region of cPKC beta 1 or nPKC epsilon [20].

Biological context of Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid

• Thus a small regulatory region acts in vivo as a positive enhancer to determine the fat body expression pattern of yp1 [21].
• Furthermore, FOG and GATA-1 synergistically activate transcription from a hematopoietic-specific regulatory region and cooperate during both erythroid and megakaryocytic cell differentiation [22].
• We propose that the 3'EH-/- mutation disrupts the activity of a regulatory region that influences heavy chain class switching to several different CH genes that lie as far as 100 kb upstream of the mutation [23].
• Previous mutational analyses of the mouse metallothionein-I gene (mMTI) promoter have delineated a heavy-metal regulatory region between -60 and -42 relative to the transcription start site [24].
• It has been shown that the prnA and prnB genes concerned with proline metabolism form a gene cluster with the regulatory region lying between the two putative structural genes prnA and prnB [25].

Anatomical context of Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid

• Comparison of Hoxb-1 regulatory regions from different vertebrates identified three related sequence motifs critical for rhombomere 4 (r4) expression in the hindbrain [26].
• We previously showed that the regulatory region that is included suffices to promote the accumulation of CAT mRNA in transgenic S. purpuratus embryos, on the same developmental schedule and in the same embryonic region, the aboral ectoderm, in which the CyIIIa actin gene is normally expressed (Flytzanis et al. 1987; Hough-Evans et al. 1987) [27].
• Previous studies have demonstrated that 181 bp of 5' flanking DNA from the AChR delta-subunit gene are sufficient to confer synapse-specific transcription in transgenic mice and NRG responsiveness in cultured muscle cells, but the critical sequences within this cis-acting regulatory region have not been identified [28].
• Our results support a model whereby transcription factors such as NFAT1, which are nonselectively induced in antigen-stimulated T cells, gain access to cytokine regulatory regions only in the appropriate subset of differentiated T cells in vivo [29].
• Skeletal muscle differentiation is initiated by the transcription factor MyoD, which binds directly to the regulatory regions of genes expressed during skeletal muscle differentiation and initiates chromatin remodeling at specific promoters [30].

Associations of Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid with chemical compounds

• Microinjection of a soluble fragment of synaptotagmin encompassing one of the domains homologous to the C2 regulatory region of protein kinase C, but lacking the membrane anchor, also inhibits evoked dopamine beta-hydroxylase surface staining [31].
• The erythroid-specific transcription factor Eryf1 binds to DNA sites within regulatory regions of every member of both the alpha- and beta-globin families in chicken [32].
• By acting through its receptor bound to the distal enhancer, estrogen stimulated the interaction between the distal and proximal regulatory regions two- to threefold compared to control values [33].
• Although Akt is a serine-threonine kinase, part of its regulatory region is similar to the Src homology-2 domain, a structural motif characteristic of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases that functions in protein-protein interactions [34].
• ARP-1 also bound to a thyroid hormone-responsive element and to regulatory regions of the apoB, apoCIII, insulin, and ovalbumin genes [35].

Gene context of Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid

• We find that the Pc protein quantitatively covers large regulatory regions of repressed BX-C genes [36].
• The deletion apparently fuses a new regulatory region to the structural portion of the CYC7 locus [37].
• Competition for overlapping sites in the regulatory region of the Drosophila gene Krüppel [38].
• These results show that trithorax maintains expression of target genes by interaction with their regulatory regions and that this interaction depends on the presence of at least some of the other trithorax and Polycomb group proteins [39].
• Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments indicated the presence of the GAGA factor-FACT complex in the regulatory regions of Ultrabithorax and Abdominal-B [40].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid

• Using electron microscopy to observe progesterone receptor binding to regulatory regions of uteroglobin and mouse mammary tumour virus genes, we demonstrate a similar binding between receptor oligomers at two DNA sites [41].
• Here we report the results of a functional dissection of the alpha 1-AT regulatory region [42].
• Sequence determination of 1.1 kilobases (kb) of the 5' regulatory region and of 6 kb across exonic regions revealed a single AG-to-GG mutation within the 3' splice site of intron 6 in the defective gene of an analbuminemic individual [43].
• We have analysed the organisation of the regulatory region of the deltaD gene using fusions to the reporter gene gfp and germline transgenesis [44].
• Moreover, the 5' regulatory region of the Tnf alpha allele of UVB-R mice possesses a (CA)14 minirepeat that is located immediately 5' of the cytokine response element nearest the tumor-associated transplantation antigen box [45].

References