Gene Review:
TLR4 - toll-like receptor 4
Canis lupus familiaris
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Disease relevance of TLR4
- We performed immunohistochemistry and immuno-gold electron microscopy to localize TLR4 in lung and seven other organs from normal pig, dog and calf (n=2 each) and in inflamed lungs from calves (n=4) challenged with Mannheimia hemolytica [1].
- Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has recently been recognized as a major receptor for cellular interactions with lipopolysaccharides derived from Gram-negative bacteria [1].
High impact information on TLR4
- In inflamed lungs, airway epithelium showed reduced staining for TLR4 while staining in macrophages remained unaltered [1].
- The data show TLR4 in macrophages in lung, small intestine, liver and spleen in all the species and pulmonary intravascular macrophages in calves and pigs [1].
- Epithelium in lung, small intestine, cornea and convoluted and straight renal tubules was stained for TLR4 [1].
- These are the first immunocytochemical data on TLR4 expression in domestic animal species and show similarity in TLR4 staining in macrophages, epithelium and vascular endothelium among dog, pig and cattle [1].
- Vascular endothelium of large blood vessels only in lungs and skin was positive, and skeletal muscles were negative for TLR4 [1].
References
- Toll-like receptor 4 in normal and inflamed lungs and other organs of pig, dog and cattle. Wassef, A., Janardhan, K., Pearce, J.W., Singh, B. Histol. Histopathol. (2004) [Pubmed]
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