Disease relevance of PLA2G10

• A specific secretory PLA2, sPLA2-X, is shown here to neutralize human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) through degradation of the viral membrane [1].
• Virions resistant to damage by antibody and complement were sensitive to lysis by sPLA2-X, suggesting a novel mechanism of antiviral surveillance independent of the acquired immune system [1].
• Catalytic function was required for antiviral activity, and the target cells of infection were unaffected. sPLA2-X potently reduced gene transfer of HIV-1 Env-pseudotyped lentivirus vectors and inhibited the replication of both CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic HIV-1 in human CD4+ T cells [1].
• Treatment of HaCaT cells with sPLA2-X and -IB resulted in an increase in prostaglandin E2 formation, suggesting a proinflammatory role of these enzymes during psoriasis. sPLA2-V completely disappeared [2].
• In the gastric glands exhibiting intestinal metaplasia, sPLA2-IIA was localized in the glandular base, sPLA2-IID and-V in the glandular body epithelium, sPLA2-IIE and-IIF in goblet cells in the foveolar epithelium, and sPLA2-X in both glandular body epithelial cells and foveolar epithelial goblet cells [3].

High impact information on PLA2G10

• To determine if there was a relationship between sPLA2 and the severity of ACS we correlated SPLA2 levels with the clinical course of the patient [4].
• In particular, sPLA2-X and sPLA2-V hydrolyze PC in lipoproteins far more efficiently than does sPLA2-IIA [5].
• RECENT FINDINGS: Amongst the 10 mammalian sPLA2 isozymes, sPLA2-X, -V, -IIF and -III exhibit much more potent PC-hydrolyzing activity than do the others, and can release free fatty acids and lysophospholipids from the PC-rich outer leaflet of the cellular plasma membrane [5].
• sPLA2-X stimulates cutaneous melanocyte dendricity and pigmentation through a lysophosphatidylcholine-dependent mechanism [6].
• The predominant secretory phospholipase expressed by keratinocytes is group X secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), which liberates large amounts of AA and the lysophospholipid lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), from membrane preparations [6].

Anatomical context of PLA2G10

• In psoriatic skin, sPLA2-X was dramatically downregulated in the epidermis, whereas increased amounts of this enzyme together with sPLA2-IIA, -IID, and -IB appeared in the dermis [2].

Regulatory relationships of PLA2G10

• In the present study, we have treated human melanocytes with recombinant sPLA2-X and show that low levels of sPLA2-X stimulate both tyrosinase activity and melanocyte dendricity [6].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of PLA2G10

• We measured SPLA2 levels in 35 SCD patients during 20 admissions for ACS, 10 admissions for vaso-occlusive crisis, and during 12 clinic visits when patients were at the steady state [4].
• PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Immunohistochemistry studies have confirmed the presence of group IIA, group V and group X secretory phospholipase A2 in human or mouse atherosclerotic lesions [7].

References