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Gene Review:

MYO18B - myosin XVIIIB

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: BK125H2.1, Unconventional myosin-XVIIIb

Nishioka, M. et al., Tani, M. et al., Inoue, T. et al., Salamon, M. et al., Nakano, T. et al., et al.

Yokota, Nishioka, Tani, Kohno,

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Disease relevance of MYO18B

These results indicate that the MYO18B gene is a strong candidate for a novel tumor suppressor gene whose inactivation is involved in lung cancer progression [1].
In our study, we analyzed genetic and epigenetic alterations of the MYO18B gene in ovarian cancers [2].
In the present study, we analyzed genetic and epigenetic alterations of the MYO18B gene in colorectal cancers [3].

High impact information on MYO18B

MYO18B, a candidate tumor suppressor gene at chromosome 22q12.1, deleted, mutated, and methylated in human lung cancer [1].
MYO18B expression was reduced in 88% (30/34) of NSCLC and 47% (8/17) of SCLC cell lines [1].
Here, we isolated a myosin family gene, MYO18B, located at chromosome 22q12.1 and found that it is frequently deleted, mutated, and hypermethylated in lung cancers [1].
Its expression was restored by treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine in 11 of 14 cell lines with reduced MYO18B expression, and the promoter CpG island of the MYO18B gene was methylated in 17% (8/47) of lung cancer cell lines and 35% (14/40) of primary lung cancers [1].
In skeletal muscle the cytoplasmic MYO18B results much more evident in the fast type fibers [4].

Biological context of MYO18B

Correlation between histone acetylation and expression of the MYO18B gene in human lung cancer cells [5].
Recently, we isolated a candidate tumor-suppressor gene, MYO18B, which was inactivated in approximately 50% of human lung cancers by deletion, mutation, and promoter methylation [5].
In this study, we examined histone modification of the promoter region of the MYO18B gene in 8 human lung cancer cell lines by a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay [5].
Furthermore, proteasome dysfunction by a proteasome inhibitor or siRNA-mediated knock-down of Sug1 caused the up-regulation of MYO18B protein and MYO18B was polyubiquitinated in vivo [6].

Anatomical context of MYO18B

MYO18B transcript is detected in all types of striated muscles but at much lower levels compared to class II sarcomeric myosins, and it is up regulated after in vitro differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes [4].

Associations of MYO18B with chemical compounds

Nine of 11 (82%) cell lines showed reduced MYO18B expression, which was restored in all 9 by treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and/or trichostatin A (TSA) [3].

Other interactions of MYO18B

Sug1, a 19S regulator subunit of the 26S proteasome, was identified as a binding partner of the C-terminal tail region of MYO18B [6].
In some cases, cardiomyocytes show a partial sarcomeric pattern of MYO18B alternating that of alpha-actinin-2 [4].
Thus, it was indicated that the MYO18B gene is a strong candidate for a metastasis suppressor gene of human lung cancer [7].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of MYO18B

The association of MYO18B with Sug1 was further confirmed by GST pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunocytochemistry [6].

References

MYO18B, a candidate tumor suppressor gene at chromosome 22q12.1, deleted, mutated, and methylated in human lung cancer. Nishioka, M., Kohno, T., Tani, M., Yanaihara, N., Tomizawa, Y., Otsuka, A., Sasaki, S., Kobayashi, K., Niki, T., Maeshima, A., Sekido, Y., Minna, J.D., Sone, S., Yokota, J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2002) [Pubmed]
Reduced expression of MYO18B, a candidate tumor-suppressor gene on chromosome arm 22q, in ovarian cancer. Yanaihara, N., Nishioka, M., Kohno, T., Otsuka, A., Okamoto, A., Ochiai, K., Tanaka, T., Yokota, J. Int. J. Cancer (2004) [Pubmed]
Genetic and epigenetic alterations of the candidate tumor-suppressor gene MYO18B, on chromosome arm 22q, in colorectal cancer. Nakano, T., Tani, M., Nishioka, M., Kohno, T., Otsuka, A., Ohwada, S., Yokota, J. Genes Chromosomes Cancer (2005) [Pubmed]
Human MYO18B, a novel unconventional myosin heavy chain expressed in striated muscles moves into the myonuclei upon differentiation. Salamon, M., Millino, C., Raffaello, A., Mongillo, M., Sandri, C., Bean, C., Negrisolo, E., Pallavicini, A., Valle, G., Zaccolo, M., Schiaffino, S., Lanfranchi, G. J. Mol. Biol. (2003) [Pubmed]
Correlation between histone acetylation and expression of the MYO18B gene in human lung cancer cells. Tani, M., Ito, J., Nishioka, M., Kohno, T., Tachibana, K., Shiraishi, M., Takenoshita, S., Yokota, J. Genes Chromosomes Cancer (2004) [Pubmed]
MYO18B interacts with the proteasomal subunit Sug1 and is degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Inoue, T., Kon, T., Ajima, R., Ohkura, R., Tani, M., Yokota, J., Sutoh, K. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2006) [Pubmed]
Genetic alterations responsible for metastatic phenotypes of lung cancer cells. Yokota, J., Nishioka, M., Tani, M., Kohno, T. Clin. Exp. Metastasis (2003) [Pubmed]

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