Disease relevance of ccmD

• Sequence analysis of this locus revealed six open reading frames with homology to genes involved in cytochrome c biogenesis in other bacteria, helC, cycJ, cycK, tipB, cycL, and cycH, with the closest similarity being to the aeg-46.5(yej) region of the Escherichia coli chromosome [1].
• A chromosomal locus required for copper resistance, competitive fitness, and cytochrome c biogenesis in Pseudomonas fluorescens [1].
• The present study was undertaken to elucidate the roles and topological locations of two of the proteins necessary for cytochrome c biogenesis, the HelX and Ccl2 proteins in the Gram-negative bacteria Rhodobacter capsulatus [2].
• The dithiol:disulfide oxidoreductases DsbA and DsbB of Rhodobacter capsulatus are not directly involved in cytochrome c biogenesis, but their inactivation restores the cytochrome c biogenesis defect of CcdA-null mutants [3].
• Indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis is deficient in Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus strains with mutations in cytochrome c biogenesis genes [4].

High impact information on ccmD

• This is strong evidence for disulfide bond formation involving the two cysteine residues of apocytochrome c as an intermediate in Ccm-type Gram-negative bacterial cytochrome c biogenesis and/or that only a pair of cysteines can be recognized by the heme attachment apparatus [5].
• Enhanced expression of ccmD suppressed this mutant phenotype by increasing the amounts of CcmC and CcmE polypeptides in the membrane [6].
• Similarities between haems of the cytochrome c biogenesis nrf pathway and iron bleomycin suggest a DNA repair-independent molecular mechanism for both bleomycin resistance and increased viability [7].
• Cytochrome c biogenesis describes the posttranslational pathway for the conversion of pre-apocytochrome c into the mature holocytochrome c. It involves an unknown number of consecutive biochemical steps, including translocation of the precursor polypeptide and haem into the periplasm and the covalent linkage between these two molecules [8].
• Spectral analysis, heme-associated peroxidase activities, and respiratory activities of the cell membranes revealed that the ccm genes of G. diazotrophicus are involved in cytochrome c biogenesis [4].

Chemical compound and disease context of ccmD

• Cytochrome c biogenesis is involved in the transposon Tn5-mediated bleomycin resistance and the associated fitness effect in Escherichia coli [7].

Biological context of ccmD

• This phenotype was independent of the level of ccmD expression [6].
• Characterization of the cycHJKL genes involved in cytochrome c biogenesis and symbiotic nitrogen fixation in Rhizobium leguminosarum [9].

References