- After portal branch ligation in rat, nuclear factor kappaB, interleukin-6, signal transducers and activators of transcription 3, c-fos, c-myc, and c-jun are similarly induced in the ligated and nonligated lobes. Stärkel, P., Horsmans, Y., Sempoux, C., De Saeger, C., Wary, J., Lause, P., Maiter, D., Lambotte, L. Hepatology (1999)