Disease relevance of Hepatectomy

• Since HGF levels rise in patients with fulminant hepatic failure and in animals after partial hepatectomy or administration of hepatotoxins, situations where liver regeneration occurs, HGF is suggested to play a key role in regulation of hepatic growth [1].
• By comparison, pretreatments with either the PB-type or MCA-type PCB's (50-200 mumol/kg) diminished mitoinhibitory toxicity of 2-FAA in vivo, as measured by hepatic regenerative growth and hepatocyte labeling indices 7 days after partial hepatectomy (PH) in rats given 3 consecutive daily doses of 2-FAA (20/mg/kg/day) before PH [2].
• Changes in remnant liver weight gain and bromodeoxyuridine labeling index were measured after 70% and 80% hepatectomies [3].
• K8-deficient (K8(-)) mice, which escape embryonic lethality, develop inflammatory colorectal hyperplasia, mild liver abnormalities, and tolerate hepatectomy poorly [4].
• Instead, partial hepatectomy is followed by increased caspase 3 activity, hepatocyte death, and liver failure, despite preserved induction of TNFalpha, IL-6, NF-kappabeta, and STAT3 [5].

Psychiatry related information on Hepatectomy

• Effect of alcohol consumption on the activity of two lysosomal nucleases, deoxyribonuclease II (DNAase II) and ribonuclease II (RNAase II) and calcium concentration have been studied during liver regeneration of Sprague-Dawley rats over a period of 10 days following 70% partial hepatectomy [6].

High impact information on Hepatectomy

• The C/EBPalpha-Rb-E2F4 complex occupies the c-myc promoter and blocks induction of c-myc in livers of old animals after partial hepatectomy [7].
• Our results show that the age-dependent switch from cdk inhibition to repression of E2F transcription causes a loss of proliferative response in the liver because of an inability to induce E2F target genes after partial hepatectomy providing a possible mechanism for the age-dependent loss of liver regenerative capacity [7].
• Perioperative nutritional support in patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma [8].
• This enzyme is inducible by heavy metals, as indicated by assay of thymidine kinase activity following sequential partial hepatectomies with or without cadmium treatment [9].
• Fas engagement accelerates liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Hepatectomy

• Adult rats were subjected sequentially to (1) administration of colloidal carbon, zymosan, or gadolinium; (2) subtotal hepatectomy, bilateral nephrectomy, or sham operation; and (3) a 6-hr bout of hypoxia, starting 1 hr or 24 hr after the operation [11].
• Female Harlan Sprague-Dawley and F-344 rats were subjected to a 70% hepatectomy and 18 h later given one dose of 30 mg diethylnitrosamine/kg body weight [12].
• This study was designed to determine whether the extent of hepatic fibrosis correlates with liver regeneration activity after partial hepatectomy in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver disease [13].
• A hypothesis has been proposed by this laboratory that endogenous gut-derived lipopolysaccharide is responsible for systemic endotoxemia in animals with acute liver injury particularly after partial (67%) hepatectomy [14].
• This study investigates the effects of administering a primary mitogen, triiodothyronine (T(3)), at the time of 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) in the rat, thus combining the 2 distinct pathways of liver growth: direct hyperplasia and compensatory regeneration [15].

Biological context of Hepatectomy

• We report here that the expression of the c-myc oncogene is increased up to 10-15-fold of the normal level within 1-3 h after partial hepatectomy [16].
• During the period of rapid cell growth which follows a two-thirds partial hepatectomy, the liver is able to compensate for the acute loss of two-thirds of its mass to maintain serum glucose levels and many of its differentiation-specific functions [17].
• RESULTS: Amphiregulin gene expression is detected in chronically injured human and rat liver and is rapidly induced after partial hepatectomy in rodents [18].
• Finally, hepatocyte transplantation in rats primed with retrorsine and partial hepatectomy showed accelerated kinetics of liver repopulation in animals pretreated with gadolinium chloride [19].
• Energy metabolism and regeneration in transgenic mouse liver expressing creatine kinase after major hepatectomy [3].

Anatomical context of Hepatectomy

• Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is the most potent mitogen for mature parenchymal hepatocytes in primary culture, and seems to be a hepatotrophic factor that acts as a trigger for liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy and liver injury [20].
• When purified hepatocytes were injected into the mesenteric veins of rats given a diet containing 0.02% (wt/wt) N-2-fluorenylacetamide for 7 days and subjected to partial hepatectomy, all rats that received these cells developed foci that exhibited histochemically demonstrable GGT [21].
• METHODS: Human recombinant follistatin was infused into the portal vein immediately after 70% hepatectomy [22].
• This study tested the hypothesis that, after partial hepatectomy, the biliary tree regenerates by proliferation of the remaining cholangiocytes, leading to an increase in secretin-induced ductal bile secretion [23].
• Estrogen receptor activity was quantitated in the cytosol and nucleus of normal rat liver and in regenerating rat liver at several time intervals after 75% hepatectomy [24].

Associations of Hepatectomy with chemical compounds

• The increase in these transcripts in liver polysomal polyadenylated RNA occurs at the time of activation of DNA synthesis during the regenerative process induced by partial hepatectomy or carbon tetrachloride injury [25].
• A decrease in the activity of the enzyme cytidine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic CMP) phosphodiesterase was noted in the regenerating liver of young rats as early as 8 hours after partial hepatectomy, with a maximum decrease occurring 12 hours after the surgery [26].
• C3- or C5-deficient mice exhibited high mortality, parenchymal damage, and impaired liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy [27].
• The effect of partial hepatectomy (PH) on alteration of liver foci induced by N-nitrosodiethylamine (DENA) was studied in inbred F344 male rats [28].
• In rats fed for 16 weeks with ethanol, hepatocellular proliferation induced by partial hepatectomy was greatly impaired [29].

Gene context of Hepatectomy

• We compared the influence of IL-6 and Hyper-IL-6 on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice [30].
• RESULTS: We found that liver from ICAM-1-deficient mice exhibited impaired regeneration after partial hepatectomy [31].
• We have investigated the expression of amphiregulin in liver injury and its role during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy [18].
• After partial hepatectomy in mice carrying the Mx-cre-induced Met mutation, regeneration of the liver is impaired [32].
• In this study, we used cyclooxygenase (COX)-selective antagonists and -null mice to determine the role of prostaglandin signaling in the response of liver to partial hepatectomy [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Hepatectomy

• Regeneration was significantly inhibited in ethanol-fed rats as evidenced by delayed induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity and reduced thymidine incorporation, mitotic index, and restoration of liver mass after partial hepatectomy [34].
• Time-courses of hepatocellular hyperpolarization and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate accumulation after partial hepatectomy in the rat. Effects of fasting for 48 hours and intravenous injection of glucose [35].
• One hundred sera samples, obtained during the early postoperative period from 11 patients after a partial hepatectomy, were assayed for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) [36].
• Western blot analysis of rat liver cell nuclear extracts and runoff transcription assays of rat liver cell nuclei after two-thirds hepatectomy showed a functional link between the induction of CREB phosphorylation and LAP/C/EBP beta mRNA transcription during liver regeneration [37].
• Control groups given individual carcinogen or partial hepatectomy alone or in dual combination were not suppressed in their immune function and failed to develop hyperplastic foci or changes in liver gamma-glutamyltransferase [38].

References