- Mice deficient in dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase show increased vulnerability to MPTP, malonate and 3-nitropropionic acid neurotoxicity. Klivenyi, P., Starkov, A.A., Calingasan, N.Y., Gardian, G., Browne, S.E., Yang, L., Bubber, P., Gibson, G.E., Patel, M.S., Beal, M.F. J. Neurochem. (2004)