Phenyl methimazole inhibits TNF-alpha- induced VCAM-1 expression in an IFN regulatory factor-1-dependent manner and reduces monocytic cell adhesion to endothelial cells.
Proinflammatory cytokine (e.g., TNF-alpha)-induced expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules (ECAMs) on the lumenal surface of the vascular endothelium and a consequent increase in leukocyte adhesion are key aspects of pathological inflammation. A promising therapeutic approach to diminish aberrant leukocyte adhesion is, therefore, to inhibit cytokine-induced ECAM expression at the transcription level. Several studies suggest that methimazole, a compound used clinically to treat autoimmune diseases, such as Graves' disease, may also diminish pathological inflammation by suppressing ECAM expression. In this study we probed the hypothesis that a derivative of methimazole, phenyl methimazole (compound 10), can reduce cytokine-induced ECAM expression and consequent leukocyte adhesion. We found that compound 10 1) dramatically inhibits TNF-alpha- induced VCAM-1 mRNA and protein expression in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC), has a relatively modest inhibitory effect on TNF-alpha induced E-selectin expression and has no effect on ICAM-1 expression; 2) significantly reduces TNF-alpha-induced monocytic (U937) cell adhesion to HAEC under in vitro flow conditions similar to that present in vivo; 3) inhibits TNF-alpha- induced IFN regulatory factor-1 binding to VCAM-1 promoter; and 4) reduces TNF-alpha- induced IRF-1 expression in HAEC. Combined, the results indicate that phenyl methimazole can reduce TNF-alpha- induced VCAM-1 expression in an IFN regulatory factor-1-dependent manner and that this contributes significantly to reduced monocytic cell adhesion to TNF-alpha-activated HAEC.[1]References
- Phenyl methimazole inhibits TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 expression in an IFN regulatory factor-1-dependent manner and reduces monocytic cell adhesion to endothelial cells. Dagia, N.M., Harii, N., Meli, A.E., Sun, X., Lewis, C.J., Kohn, L.D., Goetz, D.J. J. Immunol. (2004) [Pubmed]
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