Circulating estradiol is an independent predictor of progression of carotid artery intima-media thickness in middle-aged men.
Context: Estrogen treatment of men with prostate cancer is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; however, the role of endogenous estrogen levels for atherosclerotic disease in men is unknown. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether endogenous serum estradiol (E(2)) levels predict the progression of carotid artery intima-media thickness in men. Design, Setting and Participants: This was a population-based, prospective cohort study (the Atherosclerosis and Insulin Resistance study) conducted in G??teborg, Sweden, among 313 Caucasian men without cardiovascular or other clinically overt diseases. Carotid artery intima-media thickness, an index of preclinical atherosclerosis, was measured by ultrasound at baseline (58 yr of age) and after 3 yr of follow-up. Serum sex hormone levels and cardiovascular risk factors (body mass index, waist to hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, serum triglycerides, plasma c-peptide, and smoking status) were assessed at study entry. Intervention: There was no intervention. Main Outcome Measures: Association between baseline total and free E(2) levels and progression of carotid intima-media thickness over 3 yr with adjustments for cardiovascular risk factors was measured. Results: In univariate analyses, both total and free E(2) levels at baseline were positively associated with the annual change in intima-media thickness. In linear regression models including E(2) and cardiovascular risk factors, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and E(2) were identified as independent predictors of progression of carotid artery intima-media thickness (total E(2) beta = 0.187, P = 0.001; and free E(2) beta = 0.183, P = 0.003). Conclusions: Circulating E(2) is a predictor of progression of carotid artery intima-media thickness in middle-aged men. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of endogenous E(2) for incident cardiovascular disease events.[1]References
- Circulating estradiol is an independent predictor of progression of carotid artery intima-media thickness in middle-aged men. Tivesten, A., Hulthe, J., Wallenfeldt, K., Wikstrand, J., Ohlsson, C., Fagerberg, B. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (2006) [Pubmed]
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