Methicillin-resistant staphylococcal colonization and infection in a long-term care facility.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the natural history of colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among patients in a long-term care facility. We specifically sought to determine if MRSA colonization was predictive of subsequent infection. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Long-term Veterans Affairs Medical Center. PATIENTS: A total of 197 patients residing on two units were followed with regular surveillance cultures of the anterior nares. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: The development of staphylococcal infection. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were persistent carriers of MRSA and 44 were persistent carriers of methicillin-susceptible strains (MSSA). Twenty-five percent of MRSA carriers had an episode of staphylococcal infection compared with 4% of MSSA carriers and 4.5% of non-carriers (P less than 0.01; relative risk 3.8; 95% CI, 2.0 to 6.4). The rate of development of infection among MRSA carriers was 15% for every 100 days of carriage. Using logistic regression analysis, persistent MRSA carriage was the most significant predictor of infection (P less than 0.001; odds ratio, 3.7). Seventy-three percent of all MRSA infections occurred among MRSA carriers. Isolates of MRSA from 7 patients were typed. Colonizing and infecting strains had the same phage type in all 7 patients and the same pattern of plasmid EcoRI restriction endonuclease fragments in 5 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Colonization of the anterior nares by MRSA predicts the development of staphylococcal infection in long-term care patients; most infections arise from endogenously carried strains. Colonization by MRSA indicates a significantly greater risk for infection than does colonization by MSSA. The results offer a theoretic rationale for reduction in MRSA infections by interventions aimed at eliminating the carrier state.[1]References
- Methicillin-resistant staphylococcal colonization and infection in a long-term care facility. Muder, R.R., Brennen, C., Wagener, M.M., Vickers, R.M., Rihs, J.D., Hancock, G.A., Yee, Y.C., Miller, J.M., Yu, V.L. Ann. Intern. Med. (1991) [Pubmed]
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