Disease relevance of Benzydyna

• The administration of benzidine dihydrochloride in water to mice for up to 39 weeks resulted in hemosiderosis of the spleen, focal vacuolization of the transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder, and chronic inflammation and cytologic and neoplastic changes in the liver [1].
• Myeloperoxidase staining methods for classification of leukemias have traditionally employed benzidine dihydrochloride as the chromogen [2].
• Benzidine dihydrochloride administered in water at 0, 30, 60, 120, 200 or 400 ppm to 1664 mice induced a total of 368 hepatocellular carcinomas, of which 34 or 9.2% metastasized to the lungs [3].
• The end points of mortality and body weights were used to demonstrate relative variability about a mean resulting from genetic constitution when the mice were exposed to benzidine dihydrochloride [4].

High impact information on Benzydyna

• Wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase was used as an anterogradely transported axonal tracer, using benzidine dihydrochloride as a chromogen for the identification by electron microscopy of spinal and lemniscal projections to the ventrobasal thalamus [5].
• After survival times of 3, 6, or 9 days, the animals were sacrificed and their spinal cords were processed to visualize HRP using diaminobenzidine, benzidine dihydrochloride, or tetramethylbenzidine [6].
• They were then immunostained to reveal parvalbumin using benzidine dihydrochloride as the chromogen [7].
• The input from host frontal cortex was demonstrated using an anterograde degeneration technique, whilst a double immunocytochemical procedure, using the chromogens diaminobenzidine and benzidine dihydrochloride was utilized to visualize the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)- and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD)-immunoreactive systems [8].
• At the LM level, GOD reaction product was granular and confined to the soma and proximal dendrites of motoneurons, while BDHC reacted tissue was characterized by a diffuse labelling of the cytoplasm, extending as far as tertiary dendrites [9].

Biological context of Benzydyna

• Sequential morphogenesis of liver tumors in mice given benzidine dihydrochloride [10].
• A lifespan exposure of mice to benzidine dihydrochloride was conducted for 33 m using both sexes of two populations of mice with the same gene pool [11].
• Firstly, to investigate the phenotype of light-activated cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, c-fos protein DAB staining was carried out together with BDHC staining for peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[12]

Gene context of Benzydyna

• Acidified urine was diluted 1:2 with 0.03 mol/l benzidine hydrochloride in 0.3 mol/l boric acid to precipitate sulphate [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Benzydyna

• The TMB-tungstate reaction is more sensitive and reliable for immunocytochemistry than the benzidine dihydrochloride reaction and gives better ultrastructure than the gold-substituted silver peroxidase reaction [14].
• The in situ hybridization step yielded a very stable reaction product enabling subsequent immunohistochemical reactions using horseradish peroxidase and benzidine dihydrochloride as a chromogen [15].

References