Disease relevance of Tetramethylbenzidine

• HbpA, expressed as a recombinant protein in E. coli and purified by antibody affinity chromatography, has hemin binding activity as determined by lithium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with tetramethylbenzidine staining [1].
• Subsequent querying with a streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate followed by color development using tetramethylbenzidine resulted in accurate Helicobacter species identification with no cross-hybridization to either the 16S rDNA or the cpn60 sequence of a closely related strain of Campylobacter jejuni [2].
• A positive reaction with tetramethylbenzidine was also observed in the lesser superficial petrosal nerve, the greater superficial petrosal nerve, the vidian nerve, the greater deep petrosal nerve, the internal carotid ganglion and the trigeminal ganglion [3].
• The ability to use the tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) method for studying neuronal connections at the electron microscopic level is often difficult because the conditions of osmification and dehydration used in processing the tissue may result in significant loss and/or decreased electron density of the reaction product [4].
• Of cases of colorectal cancer, TMB tests, the benzidine test, Fecatwin sensitive, Hemoccult, and Fecatwin could detect about 85%, 85%, 85%, 80%, and 45%, respectively [5].

High impact information on Tetramethylbenzidine

• A deletion mutant was constructed that had no detectable cytochrome c-553 based on spectral analyses and tetramethylbenzidine-hydrogen peroxide staining of proteins resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [6].
• Brain-stem sections were reacted with tetramethylbenzidine [7].
• The spinal cords containing the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) were dissected, processed with a modified tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) method for visualization of retrogradely transported CT-HRP, and examined at the ultrastructural level [8].
• Using the tetramethylbenzidine technique to visualize anterogradely transported wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate, we identified sprouted sympathetic fibers in the hippocampal formation at both the light and electron microscopic level in albino rats receiving medial septal lesions [9].
• Diaminobenzidine and tetramethylbenzidine were used as chromogens to distinguish ChAT (protein) and VIP (peptide) immunoreactivities [10].

Biological context of Tetramethylbenzidine

• A 101-kilodalton (kDa) protein responsible for this phenotype (Crb+) in S. flexneri was identified by a tetramethylbenzidine staining procedure which detects heme-protein complexes in polyacrylamide gels [11].
• The test sample was incubated and the antigen-antibody reaction was monitored by the addition of a biotinylated monoclonal antibody (mAb 15) specific to the toxin, avidin-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and tetramethylbenzidine substrate [12].
• The second exons of HLA-DQA1 and DQB1 were co-amplified using biotinylated primers, amplicons were hybridized to a set of seven probes immobilized on a microtitre plate using a single hybridisation temperature, and detected colorimetrically by streptavidin-HRP conjugate and tetramethylbenzidine substrate [13].

Anatomical context of Tetramethylbenzidine

• Sections of the brain, trigeminal and upper spinal ganglia were reacted with tetramethylbenzidine for detection of the tracer [14].
• CONCLUSIONS: The appearance of electron-dense structures in the rod outer segments depends on the incubation with TMB and intensive light exposure of the rat [15].
• For retrograde identification of sources of innervation, WGA-HRP was applied to the exposed basilar artery through a fine slit in the overlying meninges, and sections of brain and peripheral ganglia were reacted with tetramethylbenzidine for detection of the tracer [16].
• Tetramethylbenzidine, a chromogen with strong intrinsic signal amplification of IB4-horseradish peroxidase, labeled as many as 52% of unmyelinated axons in the dorsal root [17].
• Forty-eight to 72 hours after surgery, the brain-stem, upper cervical spinal cord, and trigeminal ganglia were perfusion-fixed and processed according to the tetramethylbenzidine technique [18].

Associations of Tetramethylbenzidine with other chemical compounds

• With a very sensitive protocol, that used tungstate-stabilized tetramethylbenzidine as the chromogen, amorphous deposits of reaction product were often detected in the extracellular space around a labeled bouton [19].
• Horseradish peroxidase was revealed with tetramethylbenzidine stabilized with ammonium heptamolybdate or with the tetramethylbenzidine/tungstate reaction in order to visualize the cytoplasmic organelles and the axolemma, respectively [20].
• Anti-Cryptosporidium-specific antigen antibody was labelled with biotin, horseradish peroxidase conjugated to streptavidin, and tetramethylbenzidine, and each labelled antibody was added in sequence to the membranes [21].
• Rubrospinal neurons of the magnocellular division of the red nucleus of Macaca fascicularis were retrogradely labeled following spinal cord microinjections of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase, as demonstrated by the chromagen tetramethylbenzidine, identifying the mesencephalic cells of origin of this descending motor pathway [22].
• Hemoproteins were subjected to lithium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (LDS-PAGE) and then electroblotted and peroxidase activity was detected with 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine The sensitivity and specificity of tetramethylbenzidine staining of LDS-PAGE gels was retained when proteins were electroblotted [23].

Gene context of Tetramethylbenzidine

• The first step consisted of visualizing Metenkephalinergic terminals with DAB reaction product, and the second one involved detecting the antigens TH, beta-END, and NPY in their respective neurons with TMB reaction product [24].
• The 37- and 19-kDa subunits are stained with tetramethylbenzidine for the cytochrome c hemes [25].
• Tetramethylbenzidine histochemical analysis showed the presence of significant amounts of the lectin-conjugate in both the receptor epithelium and olfactory bulb until at least 2 weeks postintranasal application [26].
• Horseradish peroxidase was injected into subdivisions of SI or SII and after post-injection survival periods of 12-72 hours the horseradish peroxidase in the tissue was reacted with the chromogens dihydrochlorobenzidine or tetramethylbenzidine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide [27].
• Quantitative determination of myeloperoxidase using tetramethylbenzidine as substrate [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Tetramethylbenzidine

• Pieces of the superior part of the central eyecup were incubated overnight with tetramethylbenzidine (TMB; pH 3.0) at 4 degrees C, postfixed with 1.5% OSO4, and embedded for electron microscopy [15].
• This method for measuring fecal occult blood is based on the heme-catalyzed oxidation of tetramethylbenzidine by H2O2 [29].
• Following injections of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) into the upper cervical spinal cord and combined processing for WGA-HRP (using tetramethylbenzidine [TMB] with cobalt) and immunohistochemistry (with DAB), a contingent of spinally projecting neurons were found to contain GAD [30].
• After a postoperative survival of 4 h to 30 days, the rats were perfused and frozen sections from spinal and medullary regions receiving primary afferents were processed for horseradish peroxidase histochemistry with tetramethylbenzidine as the chromogen [31].
• Twenty-four to 48 hours after the nerves innervating different vibrissae were exposed to HRP, the trigeminal ganglia, brainstem, and upper cervical spinal cord were fixed by perfusion and serial sections were processed according to the tetramethylbenzidine technique [32].

References