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Chemical Compound Review:

AC1L3XOJ (2S)-2,6-diamino-5- [(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5...

Synonyms: AC1Q5QLC, AR-1G5723, 32448-36-5, 5-(|A-d-galactopyranosyloxy)-l-lysine, L-Lysine, 5-(beta-D-galactopyranosyloxy)-

LoCascio, V. et al., Kero, M., Ma, Y. et al., Sirtori, P. et al., Leigh, S.D. et al., et al.

Casetta, Romanello, Moro,

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Disease relevance of Hydroxylysine-galactose

Galactosylhydroxylysine (GHL) is released during bone resorption and has been shown to be elevated in subjects with metabolic bone loss [1].
Both forms of bone disease resulted in an increased excretion of total hydroxyproline and the ratio of glucosylgalactosylhydroxylsine to galactosylhydroxylysine was below normal [2].

High impact information on Hydroxylysine-galactose

LH3 protein levels correlate with the galactosylhydroxylysine glucosyltransferase (GGT) activity of mouse tissues [3].
Some glycosides of hydroxylysine, viz., alpha-1, 2-glucosylgalactosyl-O-hydroxylysine and beta-1-galactosyl-O-hydroxylysine, appear to be good indicators of collagen turnover [4].
Effect of bisphosphonate therapy and parathyroidectomy on the urinary excretion of galactosylhydroxylysine in primary hyperparathyroidism [5].
RESULTS: Baseline galactosylhydroxylysine urinary levels were far above the normal range in all the patients whilst in 8 of them baseline hydroxyproline levels were normal [5].
PTH and galactosylhydroxylysine returned to normal values at day 6 after parathyroidectomy [5].

Chemical compound and disease context of Hydroxylysine-galactose

The aim of this study was to compare urinary galactosylhydroxylysine (GHyl) and deoxypyridinoline (d-Pyr) as biochemical markers of bone resorption in post-menopausal women treated and untreated with estrogen and cyclic etidronate [6].

Biological context of Hydroxylysine-galactose

In addition, we showed that both S-MBP and L-MBP undergo hydroxylation of lysine and proline residues in collagen-like sequences, and that the hydroxylysine is glycosylated to form glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine (GluGalHyl) and galactosylhydroxylysine (GalHyl) [7].

Anatomical context of Hydroxylysine-galactose

Glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine and a small amount of galactosylhydroxylysine were detected in alkaline hydrolyzates of both membranes [8].
Tonofilament deficiency, found in one family with congenital skin defects, was classified as EB Bart, and in one family a deficiency in one enzyme of collagen synthesis, galactosylhydroxylysine glucosyltransferase activity in skin and serum, was found to correlate significantly with severity of EB simplex Köbner (VI) [9].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Hydroxylysine-galactose

Development of an immunoassay for urinary galactosylhydroxylysine [1].
Galactosylhydroxylysine and pyridinium cross links in monitoring the bone response to hormone replacement therapy [10].

References

Development of an immunoassay for urinary galactosylhydroxylysine. Leigh, S.D., Ju, H.S., Lundgard, R., Daniloff, G.Y., Liu, V. J. Immunol. Methods (1998) [Pubmed]
Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine and hydroxylysine glycosides by patients with Paget's disease of bone and carcinoma with metastases in bone. Kelleher, P.C. Clin. Chim. Acta (1979) [Pubmed]
Lysyl hydroxylase 3 (LH3) modifies proteins in the extracellular space, a novel mechanism for matrix remodeling. Salo, A.M., Wang, C., Sipilä, L., Sormunen, R., Vapola, M., Kervinen, P., Ruotsalainen, H., Heikkinen, J., Myllylä, R. J. Cell. Physiol. (2006) [Pubmed]
A rapid and simple method for quantitation of urinary hydroxylysyl glycosides, indicators of collagen turnover, using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Casetta, B., Romanello, M., Moro, L. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. (2000) [Pubmed]
Effect of bisphosphonate therapy and parathyroidectomy on the urinary excretion of galactosylhydroxylysine in primary hyperparathyroidism. LoCascio, V., Braga, V., Bertoldo, F., Bettica, P., Pasini, A.F., Stefani, L., Moro, L. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) (1994) [Pubmed]
A comparative study on biochemical markers of bone collagen breakdown in post-menopausal women. Sirtori, P., Sosio, C., Polo, R.M., Tenni, R., Rubinacci, A. Pharmacol. Res. (1997) [Pubmed]
Functional expression of human mannan-binding proteins (MBPs) in human hepatoma cell lines infected by recombinant vaccinia virus: post-translational modification, molecular assembly, and differentiation of serum and liver MBP. Ma, Y., Shida, H., Kawasaki, T. J. Biochem. (1997) [Pubmed]
Chemical compositions of glomerular and tubular basement membranes of human kidney. Sato, T., Munakata, H., Yoshinaga, K., Yosizawa, Z. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. (1975) [Pubmed]
Epidermolysis bullosa in Finland. Clinical features, morphology and relation to collagen metabolism. Kero, M. Acta dermato-venereologica. Supplementum. (1984) [Pubmed]
Galactosylhydroxylysine and pyridinium cross links in monitoring the bone response to hormone replacement therapy. Marabini, R., Sirtori, P., Chionna, R., Barzizza, L., Rubinacci, A. J. Endocrinol. Invest. (1996) [Pubmed]

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