Disease relevance of Bone Diseases

• Multiple-myeloma bone disease. The comparative effect of sodium fluoride and calcium carbonate or placebo [1].
• Infantile malignant autosomal recessive osteopetrosis (MIM 259700) is a severe bone disease with a fatal outcome, generally within the first decade of life [2].
• Postmenopausal osteoporosis, the most common bone disease in the developed world, is associated with estrogen deficiency [3].
• Three patients with chronic renal failure developed secondary hyperparathyroidism, complicated by severe bone disease in two patients and by acral skin necrosis in the third [4].
• Healing of bone disease in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia. Induction and maintenance with phosphorus and calcitriol [5].

Psychiatry related information on Bone Diseases

• This article reviews disorders such as wasting, lipid metabolism disorders (including fat redistribution or dyslipidemia), glucose abnormalities, bone disease, and endocrine disorders such as hypogonadism in the presence of HIV infection and/or drug abuse [6].
• Researchers are currently exploring the applications in various areas like cutaneous vaccination, transdermal heparin delivery, transdermal glucose monitoring, delivery of acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, treatment of bone diseases and Peyronie's disease and dermal exposure assessment [7].

High impact information on Bone Diseases

• A very low level of c-fos expression was detected in the biopsy specimens from the patients with other bone diseases [8].
• Plasma aluminum levels and the increment in plasma aluminum after infusion of deferoxamine increased from base-line values in the patients treated with aluminum hydroxide, and aluminum-related bone disease developed in one patient [9].
• Parathyroid hormone in aluminum bone disease [10].
• Our results suggest that clodronate may be a useful adjuvant in managing metastatic bone disease [11].
• Use of dichloromethylene diphosphonate in metastatic bone disease [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Bone Diseases

• CONCLUSIONS: The 1-hour infusion rate could be proposed as kinetically appropriate for the administration of pamidronate to patients with metastatic bone diseases [12].
• These results indicate that low levels of calcitriol may play a role in the development of aluminum related bone disease [13].
• The link between heparan sulfate and hereditary bone disease: finding a function for the EXT family of putative tumor suppressor proteins [14].
• Aluminium-related bone disease and haemodialysis [15].
• 14 patients with osteolytic bone disease due to breast cancer or myeloma, 7 of whom had hypercalcaemia, received oral treatment with (3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1, 1-bisphosphonate (A.P.D.). Serum-calcium dropped to low normal values in all 14 patients, accompanied by a decrease in urine calcium and hydroxyproline excretion-rate [16].
• Lithium chloride (LiCl) treatment activated Wnt signaling in osteoblasts, inhibited myeloma bone disease, and decreased tumor burden in bone, but increased tumor growth when 5TGM1 cells were inoculated subcutaneously [17].

Biological context of Bone Diseases

• Thus, this study establishes that NFATc1 represents a potential therapeutic target for bone disease and reveals a mechanism that underlies the essential role of NFATc1 in bone homeostasis [18].
• Bisphosphonates, drugs used widely in the treatment of bone diseases, prevent osteoblast and osteocyte apoptosis by a mechanism involving extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation [19].
• Serum levels of the two antigens were correlated to histomorphometric indices of bone resorption and bone formation calculated from iliac crest bone biopsies in a group of 18 individuals with high- and low-turnover bone disease (myxedema, primary hyperparathyroidism, and thyrotoxicosis) [20].
• The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is considered an important regulator of bone cell function and may play a central role in bone disease states characterized by increased bone remodeling, such as Paget's disease [21].
• 1. Human chromosome 6p21 is the locus for cleidocranial dysplasia, an autosomal dominant bone disease [22].

Anatomical context of Bone Diseases

• Reflecting the absence of osteoclasts, PU.1-/- mice exhibit the classic hallmarks of osteopetrosis, a family of sclerotic bone diseases [23].
• Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) induces interleukin-11 secretion from osteoblasts: a possible role for HGF in myeloma-associated osteolytic bone disease [24].
• Not only do these results confirm for the first time in humans the importance of sRANKL/OPG in the development of bone disease, they also highlight the role of this pathway in the biology of plasma cell growth as reflected by its influence on survival [25].
• Human myeloma cells stimulate the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) in T lymphocytes: a potential role in multiple myeloma bone disease [26].
• The role of mast cells and their products in bone metabolism is poorly understood, but the therapy of bone disease in systemic mastocytosis should include inhibition of the release of mast cell products along with the use of histamine antagonist [27].

Gene context of Bone Diseases

• Thus, abnormal STAT activation and p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression by the TDII mutant receptor may be responsible for this FGFR3-related bone disease [28].
• Our study places the IFN-beta system in a new context, and may offer a molecular basis for the treatment of bone diseases [29].
• Osteoprotegerin inhibits the development of osteolytic bone disease in multiple myeloma [30].
• Furthermore, HGF emerges as a possible factor involved in myeloma bone disease by its ability to induce IL-11 [24].
• SUMMARY: Identification of pathogenic mutations and allelic variations in LRP5 has improved our understanding of the physiology of bone mass acquisition and the pathophysiology of several bone diseases, including osteoporosis [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Bone Diseases

• New biochemical marker for bone metabolism. Measurement by radioimmunoassay of bone GLA protein in the plasma of normal subjects and patients with bone disease [32].
• Hypercalcemia appeared shortly after induction of hemodialysis in three patients in whom serum parathyroid hormone concentrations were not markedly elevated, whose serum alkaline phosphatase values were normal, and in whom skeletal surveys did not show hyperparathyroid bone disease or metastatic calcification [33].
• Painful bone disease, characterized by patchy osteomalacia and inactive bone, can develop in patients treated with total parenteral nutrition for more than 3 months [34].
• Specific blockade of RANKL prevented the skeletal complications in various animal models of myeloma, and suppressed bone resorption in a preliminary study of patients with myeloma bone disease [35].
• BMP-4 or analogues may be attractive therapeutic agents in MM because of possible beneficial effects on both tumor burden and bone disease [36].

References