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Gene Review:

Tsx - testis specific X-linked gene

Mus musculus

Synonyms: AV207184, Testis-specific protein TSX

Cunningham, D.B. et al., Simmler, M.C. et al., Dresser, D.W. et al.

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High impact information on Tsx

We have identified a novel gene, Tsx, lying 40 kb 3' from Xist [1].
A 94 kb genomic sequence 3' to the murine Xist gene reveals an AT rich region containing a new testis specific gene Tsx [1].
The persistence of Tsx expression seen in spermatogonia of the adult olt mutant supports the hypothesis that during the first wave of normal spermatogenesis, the advent of a late-stage cell type, either elongating spermatid or spermatozoan, is responsible for extinguishing expression in spermatogonia in normal adult testis [2].
In the adult, Tsx was detected exclusively in Sertoli cells [2].
An anti-Tsx polyclonal antiserum specifically stained premeiotic germ cells in addition to Sertoli cells of pubertal testes at 16, 19, and 27 dpp [2].

Biological context of Tsx

The mouse and rat Tsx sequences are highly divergent, suggesting that part of the X inactivation centre, including both Xist and Tsx are subject to relatively weak evolutionary constraints [1].
Taken together, these results demonstrate that Tsx expression is induced in both premeiotic germ cells and Sertoli cells during the first wave of spermatogenesis, but that expression is maintained at a detectable level only in Sertoli cells of the normal adult [2].
Northern blot analysis of early postnatal testes showed not only that Tsx message was detectable shortly after birth, but that it increased substantially between 7 and 12 days postpartum (dpp), roughly coincident with the onset of meiosis in the mouse [2].
Comparison between 400 nt of mouse DNA sequence immediately upstream (5') of the coding sequence of the Sertoli cell expressed genes, Amh and Tsx, identified a 33 nt sequence with a significant identity: this was considered to be a candidate Sertoli specific regulatory element (SSRE) [3].

Anatomical context of Tsx

Tsx is expressed specifically in the testis and shows no convincing homology to proteins currently in the databases [1].
Tsx immunostaining in germ cells was nuclear, while Sertoli cells displayed signal throughout the cytoplasm and nucleus [2].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Tsx

Alternative Tsx transcripts, detected by RT-PCR, included a spliced form that first appeared at around 12 dpp [2].
In situ hybridization revealed Tsx signal in the somatic Sertoli cells of the adult testis [2].

References

A 94 kb genomic sequence 3' to the murine Xist gene reveals an AT rich region containing a new testis specific gene Tsx. Simmler, M.C., Cunningham, D.B., Clerc, P., Vermat, T., Caudron, B., Cruaud, C., Pawlak, A., Szpirer, C., Weissenbach, J., Claverie, J.M., Avner, P. Hum. Mol. Genet. (1996) [Pubmed]
The mouse Tsx gene is expressed in Sertoli cells of the adult testis and transiently in premeiotic germ cells during puberty. Cunningham, D.B., Segretain, D., Arnaud, D., Rogner, U.C., Avner, P. Dev. Biol. (1998) [Pubmed]
Candidate Sertoli cell specific promoter element for a TGFbeta family member (Amh) and a 3' UTR enhancer/repressor for the same gene. Dresser, D.W., Guerrier, D. Gene (2005) [Pubmed]

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