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Gene Review

S  -  Star

Drosophila melanogaster

Synonyms: CG4385, Dmel\CG4385, E(Raf)2B, EK2-2, ES2-4, ...
 
 
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High impact information on S

  • Both Star and Rhomboid-1 have been assumed to work at the cell surface to control ligand activation [1].
  • Coexpression of Star promotes translocation of Spi to a compartment where Rho is present both in cells and in embryos [2].
  • Intracellular trafficking by Star regulates cleavage of the Drosophila EGF receptor ligand Spitz [2].
  • We also obtained dominant-negative and neomorphic Star mutations, which have phenotypes similar to those of rho NOVA alleles, as well as dominant-negative Egf-r alleles [3].
  • To gain insights into the mechanisms underlying Rho and Star function, we developed a mutagenesis scheme to isolate novel overexpression activity (NOVA) alleles [3].
 

Biological context of S

  • Enhancer trap insertions reveal that Star expression in the eye disc is restricted to the developing R8, R2, and R5 cells [4].
  • Early in oogenesis, Star mRNA expression is higher in StarKojak egg chambers than in wild-type egg chambers, consistent with its gain-of-function phenotype [5].
  • The Star/asteroid (S/ast) region of Drosophila melanogaster has been cloned by P element transposon tagging using the snw chromosome as a source of defective P elements [6].
  • Complete loss of Star function during retinal development, analyzed in mosaic animals, results in cell death, visible as scars in the adult eye [7].
 

Anatomical context of S

  • Taken together with the expression pattern at the morphogenetic furrow, these results demonstrate an early role for Star in photoreceptor development [8].
  • Here, we show that the Star protein is expressed perinuclearly in the early female germline and later is found in the oocyte cytoplasm [9].
  • The loss-of-function Star mutation (StarX155) dominantly suppressed the defects in the argos optic lobes, suggesting that these two genes act in an antagonistic fashion during optic lobe development [10].
 

Physical interactions of S

  • We show that alleles of Gl and dynein genetically interact with both Star and EGFR alleles [11].
 

Regulatory relationships of S

  • rhomboid and Star interact synergistically to promote EGFR/MAPK signaling during Drosophila wing vein development [12].
 

Other interactions of S

  • The ventrolateral genes include spitz, which encodes an EGF-like ligand, and Star [13].
  • This observation suggests a sequential activity of Star and Rho in mSpi processing [2].
  • However, a mutant form of mSpi that is not cleaved still signals to DER in a Rhomboid and Star-dependent manner [14].
  • The ectodermal defects of spitz, rho or Star mutant embryos could be rescued by inducing the expression of the respective normal genes only in the midline cells [15].
  • Mutations in Star and l(2)43Bb had no significant effect upon the lambdatop eggshell defect whereas smt3 and dock alleles significantly suppressed the lambdatop phenotype [16].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of S

  • Expression in mammalian cell cultures reveals interdependent, but distinct, functions for Star and Rhomboid proteins in the processing of the Drosophila transforming-growth-factor-alpha homologue Spitz [17].

References

  1. Regulated intracellular ligand transport and proteolysis control EGF signal activation in Drosophila. Lee, J.R., Urban, S., Garvey, C.F., Freeman, M. Cell (2001) [Pubmed]
  2. Intracellular trafficking by Star regulates cleavage of the Drosophila EGF receptor ligand Spitz. Tsruya, R., Schlesinger, A., Reich, A., Gabay, L., Sapir, A., Shilo, B.Z. Genes Dev. (2002) [Pubmed]
  3. A screen for dominant mutations applied to components in the Drosophila EGF-R pathway. Guichard, A., Srinivasan, S., Zimm, G., Bier, E. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2002) [Pubmed]
  4. Star is required for neuronal differentiation in the Drosophila retina and displays dosage-sensitive interactions with Ras1. Heberlein, U., Hariharan, I.K., Rubin, G.M. Dev. Biol. (1993) [Pubmed]
  5. A novel follicle-cell-dependent dominant female sterile allele, StarKojak, alters receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in Drosophila. Ruden, D.M., Wang, X., Cui, W., Mori, D., Alterman, M. Dev. Biol. (1999) [Pubmed]
  6. The molecular organization of the Star/asteroid region, a region necessary for proper eye development in Drosophila melanogaster. Higson, T.S., Tessiatore, J.E., Bennett, S.A., Derk, R.C., Kotarski, M.A. Genome (1993) [Pubmed]
  7. Star is required in a subset of photoreceptor cells in the developing Drosophila retina and displays dosage sensitive interactions with rough. Heberlein, U., Rubin, G.M. Dev. Biol. (1991) [Pubmed]
  8. Characterization of Star and its interactions with sevenless and EGF receptor during photoreceptor cell development in Drosophila. Kolodkin, A.L., Pickup, A.T., Lin, D.M., Goodman, C.S., Banerjee, U. Development (1994) [Pubmed]
  9. The role of star in the production of an activated ligand for the EGF receptor signaling pathway. Pickup, A.T., Banerjee, U. Dev. Biol. (1999) [Pubmed]
  10. argos Is required for projection of photoreceptor axons during optic lobe development in Drosophila. Sawamoto, K., Okabe, M., Tanimura, T., Hayashi, S., Mikoshiba, K., Okano, H. Dev. Dyn. (1996) [Pubmed]
  11. Dynein and Star interact in EGFR signaling and ligand trafficking. Iyadurai, S.J., Robinson, J.T., Ma, L., He, Y., Mische, S., Li, M.G., Brown, W., Guichard, A., Bier, E., Hays, T.S. J. Cell. Sci. (2008) [Pubmed]
  12. rhomboid and Star interact synergistically to promote EGFR/MAPK signaling during Drosophila wing vein development. Guichard, A., Biehs, B., Sturtevant, M.A., Wickline, L., Chacko, J., Howard, K., Bier, E. Development (1999) [Pubmed]
  13. The Drosophila rhomboid gene mediates the localized formation of wing veins and interacts genetically with components of the EGF-R signaling pathway. Sturtevant, M.A., Roark, M., Bier, E. Genes Dev. (1993) [Pubmed]
  14. Rhomboid and Star facilitate presentation and processing of the Drosophila TGF-alpha homolog Spitz. Bang, A.G., Kintner, C. Genes Dev. (2000) [Pubmed]
  15. The Drosophila embryonic midline is the site of Spitz processing, and induces activation of the EGF receptor in the ventral ectoderm. Golembo, M., Raz, E., Shilo, B.Z. Development (1996) [Pubmed]
  16. Ras1 interacts with multiple new signaling and cytoskeletal loci in Drosophila eggshell patterning and morphogenesis. Schnorr, J.D., Holdcraft, R., Chevalier, B., Berg, C.A. Genetics (2001) [Pubmed]
  17. Expression in mammalian cell cultures reveals interdependent, but distinct, functions for Star and Rhomboid proteins in the processing of the Drosophila transforming-growth-factor-alpha homologue Spitz. Pascall, J.C., Luck, J.E., Brown, K.D. Biochem. J. (2002) [Pubmed]
 
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