Disease relevance of PLDBETA2

• A cDNA encoding the oleate-activated PLD was identified, and catalytically active PLDdelta was expressed from its cDNA in Escherichia coli [1].

High impact information on PLDBETA2

• Lipid profiling revealed that PLDdelta contributed approximately 20% of the phosphatidic acid produced in wild-type plants during freezing, and overexpression of PLDdelta increased the production of phosphatidic acid species [2].
• Here we show that freezing tolerance can be manipulated in Arabidopsis thaliana by genetic alteration of the gene encoding phospholipase Ddelta (PLDdelta), which is involved in membrane lipid hydrolysis and cell signaling [2].
• The Arabidopsis genome has 12 PLD genes, and knockout of PLDdelta abolishes specifically the oleate-stimulated PLD activity [3].
• These results demonstrate that activation of oleate-stimulated PLDdelta constitutes an important step in the plant response to H2O2 and increasing plant stress tolerance [3].
• The oleate-stimulated phospholipase D, PLDdelta, and phosphatidic acid decrease H2O2-induced cell death in Arabidopsis [3].

Biological context of PLDBETA2

• ROP8, PLDdelta, and lipid transfer proteins were among the differentially expressed genes between the two genotypes [4].
• PLDdelta-null cells display increased sensitivity to H2O2-induced cell death [3].
• Here, we show that the plasma membrane-bound phospholipase D, PLDdelta, is activated in response to H2O2 and that the resulting phosphatidic acid (PA) functions to decrease H2O2-promoted programmed cell death [3].
• To investigate the catalysis and regulation mechanism of individual PLDs, surface-dilution kinetics studies were carried out on the newly identified PLDdelta from Arabidopsis [5].
• The rice PLDs, including the previously isolated RPLD1 and RPLD2, are similar to PLD subfamilies of ARABIDOPSIS: Based on sequence homology and domain conservation, RPLD1 is most similar to the PLDalpha subfamily of PLDs while RPLD5 most closely resembles the PLDdelta type [6].

Anatomical context of PLDBETA2

• This PLD, designated PLDdelta, was associated tightly with the plasma membrane, and its level of expression was higher in old leaves, stems, flowers, and roots than in young leaves and siliques [1].

Associations of PLDBETA2 with chemical compounds

• PLDdelta activity was stimulated greatly by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) [5].
• Ca(2+) is required for PLDdelta activity, and it significantly decreased the interfacial Michaelis constant K(m)(B) [5].
• PLDdelta activity was dependent on both bulk concentration and surface concentration of substrate phospholipids in the Triton X-100/phospholipid mixed micelles [5].
• V(max), K(s)(A), and K(m)(B) values for PLDdelta toward phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine were determined; phosphatidylethanolamine was the preferred substrate [5].

Other interactions of PLDBETA2

• H2O2 treatment of Arabidopsis cells activates PLD enzyme activity, and ablation of PLDdelta abolishes that activation [3].

References