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Gene Review

HEMA1  -  glutamyl-tRNA reductase 1

Arabidopsis thaliana

Synonyms: Arabidopsis thaliana hemA 1, AtHEMA1, F19C14.9, F19C14_9
 
 
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Disease relevance of HEMA1

 

High impact information on HEMA1

  • Each gene contains two short introns (149 and 241 nucleotides for HEMA, 153 and 86 nucleotides for GSA1) [2].
  • Furthermore, although Lhcb and HEMA1 were responsive to both GUN1 and GUN5 signals, the relative inputs from these pathways differed for each transcript with GUN1 being dominant for HEMA1 regulation [3].
  • These results demonstrate that co-ordinated regulation of HEMA1 and Lhcb is largely achieved through parallel light regulation mediated by shared phytochrome- and cryptochrome-signalling pathways [4].
  • The fhy1 and fhy3 mutants show the most significant differences in light regulation between the two genes, with both showing a strong inhibition of HEMA1 expression under continuous red light [4].
  • To understand how this co-ordination is achieved, we have made a detailed study of the light-regulated signalling pathways mediating the expression of the HEMA1 and Lhcb genes encoding glutamyl-tRNA reductase, the first committed enzyme of 5-aminolaevulinic acid formation, and chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins, respectively [4].
 

Biological context of HEMA1

  • This gene was isolated by screening a genomic library with a probe from HEMA1 [5].
  • Plants that lacked chlorophyll failed to survive under normal growth conditions, indicating that HEMA gene expression is essential for growth [1].
 

Anatomical context of HEMA1

  • The nuclear genes Lhcb and HEMA1 are differentially sensitive to plastid signals and suggest distinct roles for the GUN1 and GUN5 plastid-signalling pathways during de-etiolation [3].
  • To do this, we have screened 7 photoreceptor and 12 light-signalling mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana L. for induction of HEMA1 and Lhcb expression in continuous red, far-red and blue light and following a red pulse [4].
 

Associations of HEMA1 with chemical compounds

  • In addition, elimination of a promotive plastid signal by Norflurazon-induced photobleaching of plastids had no effect on HEMA2 expression while being required for normal white-light induction of HEMA1 [6].
  • Analysis indicated that these plants had decreased levels of chlorophyll, non-covalently bound hemes, and ALA; their levels were proportional to the level of glutamyl-tRNA reductase expression and were inversely related to the levels of antisense HEMA transcripts [1].
  • The presence of a second functional HEMA gene in Arabidopsis raises the possibility that two C5 pathways exist in chloroplasts [5].
 

Other interactions of HEMA1

  • Unlike the HEMA1 transcript, which is present in all parts of the plant, HEMA2 is expressed in low levels in roots and flowers [5].

References

 
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