Disease relevance of RPS2

• In Escherichia coli, certain alterations in S12 cause hyperaccurate translation or antibiotic resistance that can be counteracted by other changes in S5 or S4 that reduce translational accuracy [1].
• In Arabidopsis, resistance to infection by strains of Pseudomonas syringae expressing the effector AvrRpt2 requires the plant resistance protein RPS2 [2].

High impact information on RPS2

• Using his3 as an internal standard, the number of mRNA molecules per cell have been determined for ded1, trp3, rps4, and gall under a variety of growth conditions [3].
• In the eukaryotic ribosome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mutations in SUP46 and SUP44, encoding the proteins equivalent to S4 and S5, lead to omnipotent suppression--i.e., to less accurate translation [4].
• The SUP44 suppressor mutation occurs near a region of the protein that corresponds to the known positions of alterations in E. coli S5 ram mutations [5].
• The five suppressors SUP35, SUP43, SUP44, SUP45 and SUP46, each mapping at a different chromosomal locus in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, suppress a wide range of mutations, including representatives of all three types of nonsense mutations, UAA, UAG and UGA [6].
• Thus, the gene products of SUP35, SUP44, SUP45 and SUP46 are components of the 40 S subunit or are enzymes that modify the subunit [6].

Biological context of RPS2

• These two mutants have previously been shown to exhibit a translation termination error phenotype and the sup44+ and sup46+ genes encode the yeast ribosomal proteins S4 and S9, respectively [7].
• SUP46 and S4 are most similar in their central amino acid sequences [8].
• However, the Lys-62-->Arg substitution decreased translational accuracy and caused antibiotic sensitivity both in nonsuppressor and in SUP44 haploids [9].
• A gene (rps2) coding for ribosomal protein S2 (RPS2) is present in the mitochondrial (mt) genome of several monocot plants, but absent from the mtDNA of dicots [10].
• The DNA sequencing of the cloned MNA6 gene revealed that it has an open reading frame specifying a 486 amino acid polypeptide, which appears to be a yeast mt homologue of the S4 r-protein family [11].

Associations of RPS2 with chemical compounds

• Using a poly(U)-dependent cell-free translation system, we determined the accuracy of translation and the sensitivity to antibiotic paromomycin of yeast ribosomes carrying mutant ribosomal proteins S28 and/or S4 [9].
• SIK2 encodes NH2-terminal acetyltransferase, and SIK3 encodes the yeast ribosomal S4 protein [12].
• GDS1 gene was isolated as the multicopy suppressor of the glycerol-deficient phenotype caused by the nam9-1 mutation in the yeast nuclear gene encoding the mitochondrial ribosomal protein homologous to S4 proteins from various organisms [13].
• Ribosomal protein S4 has 282 amino acids (the NH2-terminal methionine is removed after translation of the mRNA) and has a molecular weight of 31,841 [14].

Other interactions of RPS2

• The His195 to Tyr195 missense error assay was used to demonstrate increased frequencies of missense error at codon 195 in SUP44 and SUP46 mutants [7].

References