Granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor in allergen-induced rhinitis: cellular localization, relation to tissue eosinophilia and influence of topical corticosteroid.
BACKGROUND: Allergen-induced late nasal responses are associated with recruitment of T lymphocytes and eosinophils, and preferential messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of 'TH2-type' cytokines. We previously showed that topical steroid inhibited the late response and associated tissue eosinophilia. In this study we tested the hypothesis that granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) may contribute to late-responses and tissue eosinophilia and is inhibitable by topical corticosteroid. METHODS: Nasal biopsies were taken before and 24 h after nasal allergen provocation following 6 weeks of treatment with either a nasal corticosteroid spray (fluticasone propionate) or a matched placebo nasal spray twice daily. Cryostat sections were processed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to assess cytokine mRNA expression for GM-CSF. RESULTS: Increases in T lymphocytes and eosinophils were seen in the nasal mucosa after allergen challenge (p = 0.01) which were accompanied by a 5-fold increase in cells expressing mRNA for GM-CSF (p = 0.01). Double immunohistochemistry/in situ hybridization demonstrated that the majority of GM-CSF mRNA+ cells were co-localized to CD68+ (40%), or T cells (40%) with a lesser contribution from eosinophils (<20%). Topical steroid treatment was accompanied by a decrease in both the CD3+ and major basic protein (MBP+) cells expressing GM-CSF mRNA (p = 0.01) with a corresponding proportionate increase in the % of macrophages expressing GM-CSF. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that after allergen provocation, eosinophils are recruited to the nasal mucosa and that, at least in part, this may be due to GM-CSF. Topical nasal corticosteroid inhibits late responses and the associated eosinophilia, possibly indirectly by decreasing GM-CSF from T lymphocytes or reducing autocrine production of GM-CSF from eosinophils.[1]References
- Granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor in allergen-induced rhinitis: cellular localization, relation to tissue eosinophilia and influence of topical corticosteroid. Nouri-Aria, K.T., Masuyama, K., Jacobson, M.R., Rak, S., Lowhagen, O., Schotman, E., Hamid, Q., Durham, S. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. (1998) [Pubmed]
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