Disease relevance of ECDYSONE

• Females of line 101 were found to respond to 60 min of heat stress (38 degrees C) by an increase in the abundance of both E and 20E, while in males of this line the amount of 20E increased and that of E declined [1].

High impact information on ECDYSONE

• It appears that alpha-ecdysone is the only molting hormone secreted by the Y-organ, and that the Y-organ is the sole source of alpha-ecdysone in these animals [2].
• In S2 cells, Ecd and the juvenile hormone analog methoprene exert opposite effects on the expression of these four miRNAs, indicating the participation of both these hormones in the temporal regulation of mir-34, -100, -125, and let-7 expression in vivo [3].
• The mechanism of C-20 hydroxylation of alpha-ecdysone in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria [4].
• 2. alpha-Ecdysone C-20 hydroxylase activity was located primarily in the fat-body and Malpighian tubules [4].
• During five hours after the injection of alpha-ecdysone into the hemolymph of D. virilis late third instar larvae the formation of larval glycoproteins in the salivary glands is terminated and the synthesis of a different set of glycoproteins which is characteristic for the prepupal gland is initiated [5].

Biological context of ECDYSONE

• The cultured molting glands (Y-organs) from two species of crabs secrete a product whose behavior in several chromatographic systems and whose mass spectrum are identical with those of authentic alpha-ecdysone [2].
• The RNA component of the 16S particles was identified by cDNA cloning using a cDNA library established from alpha ecdysone induced pupal 16S material [6].
• The data suggest that cyclic AMP may act as a second messenger in the stimulation of prothoracic gland alpha-ecdysone secretion by the prothoracicotropic brain hormone [7].

Anatomical context of ECDYSONE

• The NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 20-monooxygenation of alpha-ecdysone is catalyzed both by mitochondria and microsomes isolated from Musca domestica, L. larvae, but about 50% of the activity is associated with mitochondria and 37% with microsomes [8].
• E shows a P450-substrate-binding spectrum with microsomes that overexpress the P450 protein [9].

Associations of ECDYSONE with other chemical compounds

• New data concerning the acid-induced fluorescence of ecdysones showed alpha-ecdysone to be twice as fluorescent as 20-hydroxyecdysone [10].
• These results suggest that both 20E and E contents are important for regulation of larval molt and metamorphosis in silkworms and that fenoxycarb triggers the extra molt by inducing an additional larval molt type of ecdysteroid surge before the last larval instar [11].

Gene context of ECDYSONE

• It is concluded that only the mitochondrial 20-monooxygenase appears to be regulated by alpha-ecdysone which suggests that mitochondrial cytochrome P-450 forms are involved in the moulting phenomenon; whereas, microsomal cytochrome P-450 activity may be of a nonspecific nature and not relevant to development [8].
• In vitro secretion and hydroxylation of alpha-ecdysone as a function of the crustacean molt cycle [12].
• Finally, a P450 protein was purified from E-treated calli, this being the first P450 to be described in the pterydophyte group [9].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ECDYSONE

• The material was identified as alpha-ecdysone by high-resolution liquid and gas-liquid chromatography [13].
• Each modified product from E and 20E was purified by HPLC, and identified by NMR as 22-dehydroecdysone and 22-dehydro-20-hydroxyecdysone [14].

References