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Acr  -  acrosin prepropeptide

Mus musculus

Synonyms: AI323726, Acrosin, preproacrosin
 
 
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High impact information on Acr

  • The isolated cDNA of the ascidian preproacrosin consists of 2367 nucleotides, and an open reading frame encodes 505 amino acids, which corresponds to the molecular mass of 55,003 Da [1].
  • These data indicate that the delayed sperm penetration of the zona pellucida in the Acr-/- mouse results from the altered rate of protein dispersal from the acrosome and provide the first evidence that the major role of acrosin is to accelerate the dispersal of acrosomal components during acrosome reaction [2].
  • Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrated that the release of several acrosomal proteins from the acrosome of Acr-/- mouse sperm was significantly delayed during the calcium ionophore- and solubilized zona pellucida-induced acrosome reaction, despite normal membrane vesiculation [2].
  • Although Acr-/- mouse sperm lacking the acrosin protease activity still penetrated the zona pellucida and fertilized the egg, the mutant sperm exhibited a delay in penetration of the zona pellucida solely at the early stages after insemination [2].
  • The transcription initiation site of the preproacrosin mRNA could be assigned to the residue T, 581 nucleotides upstream of the translation initiation codon ATG, with primer extension analysis [3].
 

Biological context of Acr

 

Anatomical context of Acr

  • These data show that sperm of the homozygous Acr-/- mice are able to penetrate the zona pellucida, fertilize the ovum, and produce viable offspring [6].
  • To further elucidate the role of acrosin in fertilization, we have examined the involvement of acrosin in the acrosome reaction of sperm using the Acr-/- mutant mice [2].
  • Although the predominant type of active host resistance is T-cell mediated, recent results in mouse experimental models suggest that monoclonal antibodies to certain antigens (eg, Acr or lipoarabinomannan) can impart substantial passive protection against tuberculous infection [7].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Acr

  • In addition to cFSA-Acr.1, two other clones were also isolated from the same fox testis cDNA library, and sequence analysis shows that they may represent alternatively spliced mRNAs coding for other FSA-Acr proteins [8].

References

  1. cDNA cloning and functional analysis of ascidian sperm proacrosin. Kodama, E., Baba, T., Yokosawa, H., Sawada, H. J. Biol. Chem. (2001) [Pubmed]
  2. Acrosin accelerates the dispersal of sperm acrosomal proteins during acrosome reaction. Yamagata, K., Murayama, K., Okabe, M., Toshimori, K., Nakanishi, T., Kashiwabara, S., Baba, T. J. Biol. Chem. (1998) [Pubmed]
  3. Mouse proacrosin gene: nucleotide sequence, diploid expression, and chromosomal localization. Kremling, H., Keime, S., Wilhelm, K., Adham, I.M., Hameister, H., Engel, W. Genomics (1991) [Pubmed]
  4. Mouse preproacrosin: cDNA sequence, primary structure and postmeiotic expression in spermatogenesis. Klemm, U., Maier, W.M., Tsaousidou, S., Adham, I.M., Willison, K., Engel, W. Differentiation (1990) [Pubmed]
  5. Boar proacrosin expressed in spermatids of transgenic mice does not reach the acrosome and disrupts spermatogenesis. O'Brien, D.A., Welch, J.E., Goulding, E.H., Taylor, A.A., Baba, T., Hecht, N.B., Eddy, E.M. Mol. Reprod. Dev. (1996) [Pubmed]
  6. Spermatozoa lacking acrosin protein show delayed fertilization. Adham, I.M., Nayernia, K., Engel, W. Mol. Reprod. Dev. (1997) [Pubmed]
  7. A case for passive immunoprophylaxis against tuberculosis. Reljic, R., Ivanyi, J. The Lancet infectious diseases (2006) [Pubmed]
  8. Cloning and partial characterization of the cDNA encoding the fox sperm protein FSA-Acr.1 with similarities to the SP-10 antigen. Beaton, S., ten Have, J., Cleary, A., Bradley, M.P. Mol. Reprod. Dev. (1995) [Pubmed]
 
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