Disease relevance of ACR

• Biochemical and molecular studies of the proacrosin/acrosin system in patients with unexplained infertility [1].
• Outcome measures included disease activity (measured by the Systemic Lupus Activity Measure), damage (measured by the SLICC/ACR damage index), and health status (measured by the SF-36) [2].
• Winners of the 1993 ACR slide competition and future plans for the clinical slide collection on the rheumatic diseases. The ACR Audiovisual AIDS Subcommittee [3].
• Patients with NR proteinuria also had significantly higher SLEDAI scores, SLICC/ACR DI scores, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and fibrinogen [4].
• OBJECTIVE: To test the reliability of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) Damage Index and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) in the assessment of patients with SLE [5].

Psychiatry related information on ACR

• At 48 and 52 weeks, ACR remission criteria were met in 35% of the combination therapy group and 28% of the monotherapy group [6].
• Dementia. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria [7].
• SUBJECTS: had primary chronic knee OA (ACR criteria) with pain during physical activity >or=30 mm for at least 48 hours [8].
• Demographic, clinical, socioeconomic, and psychosocial factors and disease outcomes [Systemic Lupus Activity Measure (SLAM), Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR), SF-36] were measured [9].
• SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/ACR Damage Index (SDI), severity, self-concept and socioeconomic status (SES) were measured [10].

High impact information on ACR

• The primary measure of clinical response was the American College of Rheumatology criteria for a 20 percent improvement in measures of disease activity (ACR 20) at 24 weeks [11].
• The acrosin gene maps within the microdeletion, approximately 70 kb from the telomere [12].
• The effect of digoxin on computer-quantitated thallium-201 perfusion scintigrams (Tl-201), left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), and percentage of abnormally contracting LV regions (% ACR) was determined in 23 patients [13].
• A correlation was established between creatine kinase MB isoenzyme release and initial radionuclide-gated blood pool wall motion estimates of EF (r = -0.73) and % ACR (r = 0.71) [13].
• Patients with abnormal cytogenetics at diagnosis, and normal cytogenetics at CR (NCR; n = 103) were compared with those with abnormal cytogenetics both at diagnosis and at CR (ACR; n = 15) for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of ACR

• The results of IMT measurement were not correlated with the patients' age, disease duration, SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) Damage Index (DI) score, laboratory indicators of lupus activity, or cumulative prednisone dose [4].
• Decrease in the SD activity was noted in the colon cancer tissues, compared to the rectal cancer tissues, exposed to six antitumor drugs and in particular, to CQ (p less than 0.05), DDP (p less than 0.01) and ACR (p less than 0.05, one-sided paired t test) [15].
• The sensitivity to 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) of 25 colorectal cancer tissues was compared with that of six antitumor drugs: carboquone (CQ), Adriamycin (ADM), mitomycin C (MMC), aclacinomycin A (ACR), cisplatin (DDP), and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), using the in vitro succinate dehydrogenase inhibition (SDI) test [16].
• Albuminuria, defined as an albumin (mg/dl) to creatinine (mg/dl) ratio (ACR) of 0.03, which is approximately equivalent to a urinary albumin excretion (UAE) >30 mg/day, was present in a total of 14.9% of participants, and 31% had type 2 diabetes [17].
• The effect of a small dose of aclacinomycin-A (ACR) was examined in two patients with refractory anemia (RA) and two with refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB-t) [18].

Biological context of ACR

• The gene encoding the human preproacrosin (ACR) maps to the q13-qter region on chromosome 22 [19].
• The ACR (American College of Rheumatology - formerly ARA, American Rheumatism Association) remission criteria are strict and include nonspecific symptoms such as fatigue [20].
• Analysis of variance revealed significant associations of RBP4 (p < 0.05), ACR (p < 0.01), and OPNin6 (p < 0.05) with sperm motility [21].
• Structurally relevant sulphated polymers and suramin, a polysulphonated anticancer drug, compete with mZP2 for complementary binding sites on proacrosin/acrosin in solid-phase binding assays [22].
• Using the indirect immunofluorescent staining technique, the developmental patterns of (pro) acrosin and the outer acrosomal membrane were studied in human spermatogenesis [23].

Anatomical context of ACR

• We analyzed the interaction of PCI with acrosin, a serine protease stored in its zymogen form in the acrosome of spermatozoa [24].
• These data suggest that PCI might function as a scavenger of prematurely activated acrosin, thereby protecting intact surrounding cells and seminal plasma proteins from possible proteolytic damage [24].
• OBJECTIVE: To characterize proacrosin/acrosin interaction with isolated zona pellucida (ZP) components [25].
• Acrosin and the acrosome in human spermatogenesis [23].
• Specific antibodies against purified acrosin and outer acrosomal membranes from boar spermatozoa were raised in the rabbit and were found to crossreact with (pro)acrosin and outer acrosomal membrane from human spermatogenic cells [23].

Associations of ACR with chemical compounds

• CONCLUSION: A single course of rituximab with continuing methotrexate in patients with active RA provided clinically meaningful improvements in physical function over 2 yrs, with lower discontinuation rates and larger SES for improvements in ACR and EULAR criteria components [26].
• Heparin was found to be an allosteric modulator of the amidolytic activity of the protease acrosin [27].
• The sequence identity is 70%; the leader sequence, the catalytic triad (His, Asp, Ser; which is characteristic for serine proteinases) and the positions of the cysteine residues crosslinking the light and the heavy chain of the active enzyme, acrosin, are conserved in both species [28].
• Response rates according to the ACR pediatric 30 criteria improved from month 3 to month 12, as follows: from 63% to 77% in the meloxicam 0.125 mg/kg group, from 58% to 76% in the meloxicam 0.25 mg/kg group, and from 64% to 74% in the naproxen group [29].
• In a nationally representative sample of subjects, the distribution of urine albumin and creatinine concentrations was examined by using one ACR value (> or =30 microg/mg) and sex-specific cutpoints (> or =17 microg/mg in men and > or =25 microg/mg in women) measured in spot urine specimens [30].

Physical interactions of ACR

• MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Zona pellucida glycoprotein binding to proacrosin/acrosin; estimation of binding affinity [25].

Regulatory relationships of ACR

• Purified human PCI inhibited the amidolytic activity of purified boar acrosin with an apparent second-order rate constant of 3.7 x 10(4) M-1.s-1 [24].
• Both P388/ACR and P388/ADM cells expressed large amounts of P-glycoprotein, and the amount was 3-fold higher in the P388/ACR than in the P388/ADM cells [31].
• While antithrombin was fully active against acrosin, more than one molecule of Arg-alpha 1-antitrypsin and protease nexin 1 was required to inhibit one molecule of acrosin [32].

Other interactions of ACR

• CONCLUSION(S): The rec-hZPA is the major ZP ligand for human proacrosin/acrosin [25].
• METHODS: Thirty-six patients with RA meeting the ACR-criteria were recruited for the study in a multicentre trial [33].
• At the C-terminal end, a proline-rich sequence is present in both species; this may represent the species-specificity of acrosin [28].
• METHODS: Clinical responses of 70 patients treated with etanercept were determined according to the ACR criteria [34].
• Direct study of cytokine mRNA in allograft biopsy tissue showed that IL-2 was specifically and significantly (p = 0.006) elevated during ACR when compared to other causes of graft dysfunction [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ACR

• Human PCI also inhibited the amidolytic activity of activated human sperm extracts and formed complexes with acrosin as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [24].
• Site-directed mutagenesis and a 3D-structural analysis of boar and ram acrosin have identified 2 clusters of basic residues potentially involved in binding [36].
• The use of the silver-enhanced immunogold technique has allowed immunolocalization of the proacrosin/acrosin system in spermatozoa after the occurrence of the acrosome reaction [37].
• ACR program accredits nearly 800 mammography units [38].
• When assessment measures were ranked, rheumatologist ranked ACR 20, radiography, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate/c-reactive protein as the least important in both clinical trials and in clinical practice, and they rated swollen and tender joint counts followed by SRQ as the most useful assessment tools [39].

References