Disease relevance of Insemination

• For those couples with an infertility problem who have recourse to assisted reproduction, usually in vitro fertilization (IVF) or donor insemination (DI), the practitioners have a special responsibility to ensure as far as possible that the babies in whose conception they assist are in good health [1].
• The presence of a CD4-masking factor in human seminal plasma may be relevant to the modulation of maternal immunity at insemination and to the control of sexual transmission of HIV-1 [2].
• OBJECTIVE: To compare ICSI with IVF using two insemination concentrations in moderate male infertility and to compare these data with other randomized controlled trials (RCTs) [3].
• OBJECTIVE: To report a case of an azoospermic man diagnosed with 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia who successfully conceived with intrauterine insemination (IUI) after hormonal and clomiphene citrate (CC) treatment [4].
• We report a case of anaphylaxis after intrauterine insemination (IUI) in which sensitization to bovine serum albumin (BSA) is demonstrated [5].

Psychiatry related information on Insemination

• METHODS: A total of 102 IVF families, 94 donor insemination (DI) families, 102 adoptive families, and 102 families with a naturally conceived child were compared on standardized interview and questionnaire measures of parenting and children's psychological well-being [6].

High impact information on Insemination

• Adding TPA (100 nM) before insemination caused a reduction in the frequency of HRs at fertilization, but neither TPA nor sphingosine affected the frequency or size of HRs when they were added after the start of fertilization [7].
• This decrease in fertility was associated with lower circulating concentrations of estradiol on the day of insemination, a decreased rate of increase in progesterone after insemination, and, ultimately, decreased circulating concentrations of progesterone [8].
• Single injections of 3H-thymidine were performed between E12 and E15 (E0 is the day of insemination), and brains were examined at different postnatal ages between P1 and P63 [9].
• These results support the hypothesis that the maturation-associated increase in the mass of IP(3)R-1 confers the increase in IP(3)-sensitivity that is observed following oocyte maturation and is necessary for the proper Ca(2+) oscillatory pattern following insemination [10].
• Confocal imaging of eggs coinjected with lavendustin A and Oregon Green-dextran showed that the Ca2+ wave was inhibited under normal insemination conditions but that the block of the Ca2+ wave could be overcome with very high sperm densities [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Insemination

• Intrauterine insemination does and clomiphene citrate does not improve fecundity in couples with infertility due to male or idiopathic factors: a prospective, randomized, controlled study [12].
• The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pretreatment with bovine somatotropin (bST) and/or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 7 days prior to initiation of a protocol for synchronization of ovulation and timed insemination (Ovsynch) on conception rate (CR) of cows with ovarian cysts [13].
• The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that the intravulvar injection of a PGF2alpha analogue at weaning just prior to insemination may minimise the effects of summer infertility in pigs [14].
• Effects of timed insemination and supplemental beta-carotene on reproduction and milk yield of dairy cows under heat stress [15].
• Neither decapitation nor ventral nerve cord transection affected the postemergence rotation, but methoprene administered to 4th-instar larvae and early instar pupae slowed rotation significantly and, in the case of pupal treatment, also interfered with successful insemination [16].

Biological context of Insemination

• By altering the interval between insemination and luteinizing hormone injection, spermatozoa were allowed to reside in the female tract approximately 5, 10, or 15 h prior to ovulation [17].
• HS 4 antibody, when present during capacitation and insemination, was without effect on sperm motility or fusion with zona-free hamster eggs [18].
• The expression of cyclin B1 and the phosphorylation of MAPK/p90rsk could still be detected in ALLN or MG-132-treated oocytes even at 8 h after parthenogenetic activation or insemination, which may account for the inhibition of PB2 emission and pronuclear formation [19].
• HCA was orally administered to pregnant sows during three periods of gestation: 21-50 (period 1, P1, n = 10), 51-80 (period 2, P2, n = 10) and 81-110 (period 3, P3, n = 10) days after insemination (term 115 days) [20].
• Effects of letrozole on superovulation with gonadotropins in women undergoing intrauterine insemination [21].

Anatomical context of Insemination

• In contrast, 2-cell embryos of B6C3F1 mice, which do not show a 2-cell block and develop normally to blastocysts in vitro, exhibit the dephosphorylation of p34cdc2 and an increase in histone H1 kinase activity between 31 and 45 hr after insemination [22].
• Chlortetracycline staining has shown that frozen-thawed spermatozoa undergo an accelerated 'capacitation-like' process which has implications for their interaction with the female tract, ability to establish sperm reservoirs in vivo and hence for their life expectancy after insemination [23].
• At least two cycles of IVF should be tried before reverting to other options such as insemination by donor sperm or gamete micromanipulation [24].
• Embryos obtained from IVF were replaced into the uterus within 48 hours after insemination [25].
• CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the DNA-synthetic, S-phase of the human zygote is initiated by approximately 9 to 10 hours after insemination and is completed approximately 3 to 5 hours later [26].

Associations of Insemination with chemical compounds

• Rates of sperm nuclear expansion were measured and correlated with processing of the maternal chromatin in synchronous populations of fertilized surf clam (Spisula solidissima) oocytes fixed at regular intervals following insemination and stained with the DNA fluorochrome Hoechst 33342 [27].
• Verapamil and diltiazem were effective to inhibit H+ release when added to the egg suspension up to 120 sec and W-7 was effective around 150 sec after insemination [28].
• The effects of calcium antagonists, diltiazem and verapamil, and calmodulin antagonists, chlorpromazine, N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride (W-5) and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride (W-7), were tested on two responses of the sea urchin egg to insemination: (1) H+ release; (2) Ca2+ uptake [28].
• Reducing the number of conceptuses to one (by aspirating all but the single conceptus) at any time between days 7 and 12 of pregnancy (day 1 = insemination) caused progesterone secretion and corpus luteum weight to remain at or below the day 12 level until term [29].
• Platelet-activating factor (PAF) supplementation (0.186 microM) of media for the 48-h period after insemination (but not 24 h only) improved the development of embryos cultured at low embryo concentrations (1 embryo/10 microl) even when transferred to PAF-free media for the subsequent 72-h culture period [30].

Gene context of Insemination

• IGFBP-3 expression was higher in cows on day 0 and day 1 of the oestrous cycle than in heifers on day 3, day 6 and day 16 after insemination [31].
• RESULTS: In blastomeres of cleaving embryos on the second and third days following insemination, E-cadherin was located in the cytoplasm--mostly concentrated in the cell margins [32].
• The effects of ANP, caffeine and heparin on frozen-thawed sperm function were studied by insemination of porcine salt-stored oocytes in a modified Tris-buffered medium (mTBM) [33].
• This is the first report of Y microdeletions in the Croatian population.Genetic counseling of all couples with the diagnosis of male infertility is recommended before intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilization, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection, and should also include AZF and CFTR genotyping [34].
• After the insemination, the expression of AIF-1 mRNA diminished gradually and again increased in the pre-implantation or implantation period in allogeneic or syngeneic pregnancy, respectively [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Insemination

• In the third trial, PVP was added to the sperm used for both types of insemination and the sperm tails also were incised for the ICSI insemination [36].
• Ovarian stimulation with clomiphene or gonadotropins and concomitant intrauterine insemination is indicated for minimal/mild disease [37].
• Sperm transport after non-surgical intrauterine insemination with frozen semen in ewes treated with prostaglandin F-2alpha [38].
• Selective use of leuprolide acetate in women undergoing superovulation with intrauterine insemination results in significant improvement in pregnancy outcome [39].
• Therefore, an ultrasonographic examination to confirm the presence of an unruptured follicle on the day of onset of urinary luteinizing hormone surge is recommended, particularly in patients failing to conceive after three to six cycles of artificial insemination when the inseminations are timed with the onset of urinary luteinizing hormone surge [40].

References