High impact information on ELF5

• Using these approaches, we found the ESE-2 and ESE-3 genes, coding for ETS domain-containing transcription factors [1].
• Our results support the notion that ESE-1, ESE-2, and ESE-3 represent a unique epithelium-specific subfamily of Ets factors that have critical but distinct functions in epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation [2].
• In contrast, ESE-1 transactivates the keratinocyte-specific SPRR2A promoter Ets site and the prostate-specific PSMA promoter significantly better than ESE-2 [3].
• Like ESE-1, ESE-2 is induced during keratinocyte differentiation [3].
• However, whereas ESE-1 is expressed in the majority of epithelial cell types, ESE-2 expression is restricted to differentiated keratinocytes and glandular epithelium such as salivary gland, prostate, mammary gland, and kidney [3].

Biological context of ELF5

• ELF5 is localized to human chromosome 11p13-15, a region that frequently undergoes loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in several types of carcinoma, including those of breast, kidney and prostate [4].
• Similar to other ETS family members, ELF5 displays specific binding to DNA sequences containing a GGAA-core [4].
• Furthermore, although ESE-1 and the amino-terminally deleted ESE-2 bind with similar affinity to the canonical E74 Ets site, ESE-2 and ESE-1 differ strikingly in their relative affinity toward binding sites in the c-MET and PSMA promoters [3].
• These analyses identified a new enhancer element, ESE2, upstream of the cryptic splice site in exon 3 and further defined a previously described enhancer (ESE1) to include the first seven nucleotides of exon 3 [5].
• Family studies of asthma suggest that the genes ESE-2 and ESE-3 contain polymorphisms that contribute to disease susceptibility [6].

Anatomical context of ELF5

• A novel transcription factor, ELF5, belongs to the ELF subfamily of ETS genes and maps to human chromosome 11p13-15, a region subject to LOH and rearrangement in human carcinoma cell lines [4].
• Unlike most other ETS family members, ELF5 is not expressed in hematopoietic compartments, but is restricted to organs such as lung, stomach, kidney, prostate, bladder and mammary gland [4].
• Epithelium-specific ets transcription factor 2 upregulates cytokeratin 18 expression in pulmonary epithelial cells through an interaction with cytokeratin 18 intron 1 [7].
• ESE-3 shows highest homology to two other epithelium restricted Ets factors, ESE-1 and ESE-2 [2].

Other interactions of ELF5

• The Elf group of Ets-related transcription factors. ELF3 and ELF5 [8].
• Neither ESE3 nor ELF5 was detected in the RPE [9].

References