Disease relevance of aacA-aphD

• The aacA-aphD gentamicin and kanamycin resistance determinant of Tn4001 from Staphylococcus aureus: expression and nucleotide sequence analysis [1].
• The aacA-aphD aminoglycoside resistance determinant of the Staphylococcus aureus transposon Tn4001, which specifies resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin and kanamycin, has been cloned and shown to express these resistances in Escherichia coli [1].
• The bi-functional enzyme 6'-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase (AAC-6')-2" aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (APH-2"), which is encoded by the 2 kb fused gene aacA-aphD, mediates gentamicin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis [2].

High impact information on aacA-aphD

• Conditions were optimized to amplify fragments of mecA (encoding methicillin resistance), aacA-aphD (aminoglycoside resistance), tetK, tetM (tetracycline resistance), erm(A), erm(C) (macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance), vat(A), vat(B), and vat(C) (streptogramin A resistance) simultaneously in one PCR amplification [3].
• The sequence analysis of the 5'-adjacent region of the aacA-aphD structural gene in MRSA K-1 showed that 12 bp are deleted from the aacA-aphD promoter region when compared with that in MRSA B-26, which exhibits lower resistance to Abk than K-1 [4].
• In order to assess the role of antibiotics in the environment on the spread of resistance factors, the impact of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics in sewage on gene transfer was investigated using conjugative gentamicin resistance (aacA-aphD) plasmids of Staphylococcus aureus [5].
• The nucleotide sequence of IS256 described here, together with the sequence of the aacA-aphD gene reported previously [Rouch et al., J. Gen. Microbiol. 133 (1987) 3039-3052], completes the entire sequence of Tn4001, which totals 4566 bp [6].
• The array is equipped with oligonucleotide capture probes for the detection of 10 clinically and therapeutically relevant antibiotic resistance genes and -mutations (mecA, aacA-aphD, tetK, tetM, vat(A), vat(B), vat(C), erm(A), erm(C), grlA-mutation) as well as several control probes [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of aacA-aphD

• The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the aacA-aphD, aphA3 and aadC genes, encoding the aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes AAC(6')-APH(2"), APH(3')III and ANT(4'4"), respectively, and the methicillin resistance determinant mecA, in epidemic aminoglycoside and methicillin-resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus [8].

Biological context of aacA-aphD

• The probes comprised plasmids carrying the genes encoding 16S rRNA (pBA2), aacA-aphD (pSF815A), and aacA-aphD with part of IS256 (pIP1307) [9].

Associations of aacA-aphD with chemical compounds

• Regarding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, 7 strains (12%) appeared to be producing aminoglycoside 4',4"-adenyltransferase AAD(4',4") encoded by aadD without coproduction of bifunctional aminoglycoside 6'-acetyltransferase/2"-phosphotransferase AAC(6')/APH(2") encoded by aacA-aphD (referred to as tobramycin-resistant type, TOBr) [10].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of aacA-aphD

• The resistance gene (aacA-aphD) appears identical among all E. faecalis studied, but restriction enzyme analysis indicates notable heterogeneity within the flanking regions [2].

References