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Gene Review:

BCRF1 - BCRF1 protein precursor

Human herpesvirus 4

Swaminathan, S. et al., Ho, A.S. et al., Hsu, D.H. et al., Salek-Ardakani, S. et al., Emilie, D. et al., et al.

Salek-Ardakani, Arrand, Mackett,

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Disease relevance of BCRF1

Expression of interleukin-10 activity by Epstein-Barr virus protein BCRF1 [1].
Expression of the interleukin (IL)-10/BCRF1 gene was studied by in situ hybridization in tissue samples from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) lymphomas using a BCRF1 probe which also recognizes the human IL-10 sequence [2].
B cell IL-10 may function as autocrine growth factor for B cell lymphomas, and both IL-10 and BCRF1 seem to be involved in the pathophysiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas [3].
At least two herpesviruses harbor analogs of the IL-10 gene; the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) homolog (BCRF1, viral IL-10, vIL-10) shares several of the cellular cytokine's activities, one or all of which may be important in the host-virus relationship [4].
BCRF-1 was expressed in 4 of 11 cases examined: 2 of 3 AFGL, 1 of 2 Kikuchi's disease, and in the 1 case of atypical lymphoid hyperplasia [5].

High impact information on BCRF1

Recombinant BCRF1 protein mimics the activity of interleukin-10, suggesting that BCRF1 may have a role in the interaction of the virus with the host's immune system [1].
Among the genes identified by automated sequencing of a random subset of clones from this library, one coded the EBV BCRF1 open reading frame, which specifies the viral interleukin 10 gene (vIL-10) [6].
This is the first functional assay for BCRF1 expression from the EBV genome [7].
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) recombinants with specifically mutated BCRF1 genes were constructed and compared with wild-type BCRF1 recombinants derived in parallel for the ability to initiate and maintain latent infection and growth transformation in primary human B lymphocytes [7].
A stop codon insertion after codon 116 of the 170-codon BCRF1 open reading frame or deletion of the entire gene had no effect on latent infection, B-lymphocyte proliferation into long-term lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), or virus replication [7].

Anatomical context of BCRF1

Using B27/BCRF1 monomeric complexes coated on immunomagnetic beads, we sorted out BCRF1-specific CD8 T cells from 8 of 15 HLA-B27(+) donors [8].
There is evidence that the product of the BCRF-1 open reading frame of EBV, viral interleukin-10 (vIL-10), inhibits the capacity of monocytes/macrophages to induce T cell activation, but the full mechanism of this effect is unknown [9].

Other interactions of BCRF1

Latent BHRF1 transcripts encoding bcl-2 homologue and BCRF1 transcripts encoding viral interleukin (vIL)-10 were detected in one and two of eight patients, respectively [10].

References

Expression of interleukin-10 activity by Epstein-Barr virus protein BCRF1. Hsu, D.H., de Waal Malefyt, R., Fiorentino, D.F., Dang, M.N., Vieira, P., de Vries, J., Spits, H., Mosmann, T.R., Moore, K.W. Science (1990) [Pubmed]
In vivo production of interleukin-10 by malignant cells in AIDS lymphomas. Emilie, D., Touitou, R., Raphael, M., Peuchmaur, M., Devergnee, O., Rea, D., Coumbraras, J., Crevon, M.C., Edelman, L., Joab, I. Eur. J. Immunol. (1992) [Pubmed]
Human B cell interleukin 10. Benjamin, D., Park, C.D., Sharma, V. Leuk. Lymphoma (1994) [Pubmed]
Interleukin-10 and its receptor. Ho, A.S., Moore, K.W. Therapeutic immunology. (1994) [Pubmed]
Detection of Epstein-Barr virus RNA and related antigens in non-neoplastic lymphoid lesions. Tonoyama, Y., Teramoto, N., Sarker, A.B., Yoshino, T., Hayashi, K., Takahashi, K., Akagi, T. Acta Med. Okayama (1996) [Pubmed]
Viral interleukin 10 is critical for the induction of B cell growth transformation by Epstein-Barr virus. Miyazaki, I., Cheung, R.K., Dosch, H.M. J. Exp. Med. (1993) [Pubmed]
Epstein-Barr virus recombinants with specifically mutated BCRF1 genes. Swaminathan, S., Hesselton, R., Sullivan, J., Kieff, E. J. Virol. (1993) [Pubmed]
Frequent recognition of BCRF1, a late lytic cycle protein of Epstein-Barr virus, in the HLA-B*2705 context: evidence for a TAP-independent processing. Saulquin, X., Bodinier, M., Peyrat, M.A., Hislop, A., Scotet, E., Lang, F., Bonneville, M., Houssaint, E. Eur. J. Immunol. (2001) [Pubmed]
Epstein-Barr virus encoded interleukin-10 inhibits HLA-class I, ICAM-1, and B7 expression on human monocytes: implications for immune evasion by EBV. Salek-Ardakani, S., Arrand, J.R., Mackett, M. Virology (2002) [Pubmed]
The latency pattern of Epstein-Barr virus infection and viral IL-10 expression in cutaneous natural killer/T-cell lymphomas. Xu, Z.G., Iwatsuki, K., Oyama, N., Ohtsuka, M., Satoh, M., Kikuchi, S., Akiba, H., Kaneko, F. Br. J. Cancer (2001) [Pubmed]

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