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Gene Review

AstA-R1  -  Allatostatin A receptor 1

Drosophila melanogaster

Synonyms: AST-R, AlstR, CG2872, D.AlstR1, DAR-1, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of AlstR

  • Cell pretreatment with pertussis toxin led to some differences in the nature and magnitude of signaling pathways at the DAR-1 and DAR-2 receptors, suggesting possible differential coupling to cellular effector system(s) and distinct biological functions of each receptor in vivo [1].
 

High impact information on AlstR

  • Additionally, AL eliminates activity in spinal cords of transgenic mice conditionally expressing AlstR [2].
  • BAR is 361 amino acid residues long, has seven transmembrane domains, shows 60% amino acid residue identity with the first Drosophila allatostatin receptor (DAR-1), and 48% identity with the second Drosophila allatostatin receptor (DAR-2) [3].
  • Chinese hamster ovary cells permanently transfected with BAR DNA react on the addition of 4 x 10(-9)M Bombyx A-type allatostatins with a second messenger cascade (measured as bioluminescence), showing that BAR is a functional A-type allatostatin receptor [3].
  • Overexpression of DVMAT-A in these cells potentiates stereotypic grooming behaviors and locomotion and can be reversed by reserpine, which blocks DVMAT activity, and haloperidol, a DA receptor antagonist [4].
  • By contrast, fluphenazine, chlorpromazine or spiperone, DA receptor antagonists, completely impaired aversive learning without affecting appetitive learning [5].
 

Biological context of AlstR

  • Two of these introns coincide with two introns in the first Drosophila receptor (DAR-1) gene, and have the same intron phasing, showing that the two receptor genes are clearly evolutionarily related [6].
  • The receptor cDNA codes for a protein that is strongly related to the first Drosophila receptor (60% amino acid sequence identity in the transmembrane region; 47% identity in the overall sequence) and that is, therefore, most likely to be a second Drosophila allatostatin receptor (named DAR-2) [6].
 

Anatomical context of AlstR

  • Functional expression in Xenopus oocytes shows that the Periplaneta-AlstR exhibits high affinity to endogenous cockroach allatostatin peptides [7].
  • In this study, we expressed both DAR-1 and DAR-2 in CHO cells and used a GTPgammaS and a Ca(2+) mobilization assay for pharmacological evaluation of the receptors [1].
 

Other interactions of AlstR

  • SRPYSFGL-NH(2), (DST-3A), the only DST isolated from Drosophila so far, activated the first cloned DST-A GPCR (DAR-1) [N. Birgül et al. (1999) EMBO J. 18, 5892-5900] [1].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of AlstR

References

  1. Type A allatostatins from Drosophila melanogaster and Diplotera puncata activate two Drosophila allatostatin receptors, DAR-1 and DAR-2, expressed in CHO cells. Larsen, M.J., Burton, K.J., Zantello, M.R., Smith, V.G., Lowery, D.L., Kubiak, T.M. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2001) [Pubmed]
  2. Selective and quickly reversible inactivation of mammalian neurons in vivo using the Drosophila allatostatin receptor. Tan, E.M., Yamaguchi, Y., Horwitz, G.D., Gosgnach, S., Lein, E.S., Goulding, M., Albright, T.D., Callaway, E.M. Neuron (2006) [Pubmed]
  3. Molecular cloning of a functional allatostatin gut/brain receptor and an allatostatin preprohormone from the silkworm Bombyx mori. Secher, T., Lenz, C., Cazzamali, G., Sørensen, G., Williamson, M., Hansen, G.N., Svane, P., Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J. J. Biol. Chem. (2001) [Pubmed]
  4. Overexpression of the Drosophila vesicular monoamine transporter increases motor activity and courtship but decreases the behavioral response to cocaine. Chang, H.Y., Grygoruk, A., Brooks, E.S., Ackerson, L.C., Maidment, N.T., Bainton, R.J., Krantz, D.E. Mol. Psychiatry (2006) [Pubmed]
  5. Roles of octopaminergic and dopaminergic neurons in mediating reward and punishment signals in insect visual learning. Unoki, S., Matsumoto, Y., Mizunami, M. Eur. J. Neurosci. (2006) [Pubmed]
  6. Molecular cloning and genomic organization of a second probable allatostatin receptor from Drosophila melanogaster. Lenz, C., Williamson, M., Grimmelikhuijzen, C.J. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2000) [Pubmed]
  7. Structural, functional, and evolutionary characterization of novel members of the allatostatin receptor family from insects. Auerswald, L., Birgül, N., Gäde, G., Kreienkamp, H.J., Richter, D. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2001) [Pubmed]
 
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