High impact information on raps

• Microtubule-induced Pins/Galphai cortical polarity in Drosophila neuroblasts [1].
• Finally, Baz and the Dlg/Pins complex are required for the asymmetric localization of Numb [2].
• Dlg interacts directly with Pins and regulates the localization of Pins and Baz [2].
• Locomotion defects, together with Pins, regulates heterotrimeric G-protein signaling during Drosophila neuroblast asymmetric divisions [3].
• Moreover, Mud localizes to centrosomes during mitosis independently of Pins to regulate centrosomal organization [4].

Biological context of raps

• Furthermore, expression of dominant-negative DE-Cadherin also affects the position of Partner of Inscuteable (Pins) and Bazooka, two asymmetrically localized proteins known to regulate cell polarity [5].
• We further show that Pins can fulfill all aspects of pins function in Drosophila neuroblast asymmetric cell divisions [6].
• At prophase, Stbm promotes the anterior localization of Pins [7].
• Here, we show that Pins binds directly to the microtubule binding protein Mud, the Drosophila homolog of NuMA [8].
• Here, we describe a new Drosophila protein, Rapsynoid (Raps), which interacts in a two-hybrid assay with the signal transduction protein Galpha(i) [9].

Anatomical context of raps

• Mud directly associates and colocalizes with Pins at the cell cortex overlying the spindle pole(s) in both neuroblasts and epithelial cells [4].
• Drosophila Pins-binding protein Mud regulates spindle-polarity coupling and centrosome organization [4].

Physical interactions of raps

• The predicted sequence of Pins contained tetratrico-peptide repeats (TPRs) and motifs implicated in binding Galpha proteins [10].

Regulatory relationships of raps

• The planar cell polarity protein Strabismus promotes Pins anterior localization during asymmetric division of sensory organ precursor cells in Drosophila [7].

Other interactions of raps

• Lgl, Pins and aPKC regulate neuroblast self-renewal versus differentiation [11].
• Hence, the abilities of Pins to cortically localize, to apically localize, and to restore Insc apical localization are all separable, and all three capabilities are necessary to mediate asymmetric division [12].
• We show that the C-terminal region containing the G alpha i binding GoLoco motifs is necessary and sufficient for targeting to the neuroblast cortex, which appears to be a prerequisite for apical localization of Pins [12].
• We propose that the Stbm-dependent recruitment of Pins at the anterior cortex of the pI cell is a novel read-out of planar cell polarity [7].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of raps

• We show by indirect immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy, and time-lapse video-microscopy that LGN and AGS3, two human homologs of the Drosophila ACD determinant Pins, have distinct patterns of localization in hNPCs [13].

References