Psychiatry related information on SLC2A4RG

• Novel nuclear shuttle proteins, HDBP1 and HDBP2, bind to neuronal cell-specific cis-regulatory element in the promoter for the human Huntington's disease gene [1].

High impact information on SLC2A4RG

• Deletion of the GEF-binding domain (domain I) and the MEF2-binding domain prevented activation, strengthening the conclusion that promoter regulation occurs through these elements [2].
• Neither GEF nor MEF2A alone significantly activated GLUT4 promoter activity, but increased promoter activity 4- to 5-fold when expressed together [2].
• In human cultured cells, ectopically expressed green fluorescent protein-fused HDBP1 and HDBP2 localized in the cytoplasm, but both proteins totally shift from cytoplasm to nucleus by the treatment with an inhibitor of the nuclear export, leptomycin B, and mutagenesis of the putative nuclear export signals [1].
• Here, we show that insulin-receptor-mediated endocystosis and fluid phase insulin-stimulated endocytosis are enhanced in cells expressing the Rin1:wild type and the Rin1:C deletion mutant, which contain both the Rab5-GEF and GTP-bound Ras binding domains [3].
• We have previously demonstrated that the amount and the tyrosine phosphorylation of Vav are up-regulated in both whole cells and nuclei of tumoral promyelocytes induced to granulocytic maturation by ATRA and that tyrosine-phosphorylated Vav does not display any ATRA-induced GEF activity but contributes to the regulation of PI 3-K activity [4].

Biological context of SLC2A4RG

• Finally, GEF and MEF2A coimmunoprecipitated in vivo, strongly supporting a mechanism of GLUT4 transcription activation that depends on this protein-protein interaction [2].
• Regulation of muscle GLUT4 enhancer factor and myocyte enhancer factor 2 by AMP-activated protein kinase [5].
• Taken together, HDBP1 and HDBP2 are novel transcription factors shuttling between nucleus and cytoplasm and bind to the specific GCCGGCG, which is an essential cis-element for HD gene expression in neuronal cells [1].
• Signals that link muscle contraction to the activation of transcription factors (MEF2, GEF) involved in increased expression of GLUT4 during exercise is another area needing further research [6].

Anatomical context of SLC2A4RG

• Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether a single, acute bout of exercise increased the DNA-binding activities of MEF2 and GEF in human skeletal muscle [7].

Associations of SLC2A4RG with chemical compounds

• 2. Glucose transporter isoform 4 gene expression is increased immediately following a single bout of exercise, and the GLUT-4 enhancer factor (GEF) and myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors are required for this response [8].
• p190RhoGEF is a large multi-functional protein with guanine nucleotide exchange (GEF) activity [9].

Physical interactions of SLC2A4RG

• These findings lead to the hypothesis that GEF and the MEF2 proteins form a complex on the GLUT4 promoter that allows for recruitment of transcriptional co-regulators (repressors and/or activators) to control GLUT4 promoter activity [10].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of SLC2A4RG

• Dibutylphosphoric acid (HDBP) was identified as the main by-product by a nuclear magnetic resonance technique, infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography [11].

References