High impact information on SOX5

• Here we show that three known genes map within the newly determined shortest region of overlap of amplification (SROA): DAD-R, SOX5, and EKI1 [1].
• We also demonstrate a decrease in mRNA levels of the transcriptional co-activators L-Sox5 and Sox6 upon ROCK inhibition and cytochalasin D [2].
• The combination of SOX5, SOX6, and SOX9 (the SOX trio) provides signals sufficient for induction of permanent cartilage [3].
• While KRAS2 and JAW1 map to the proximal border of the SROA, SOX5 maps centrally in the SROA [4].
• In mouse, the long form of Sox5, L-Sox5, is co-expressed and interacts with Sox6; together, these two proteins appear to play a key role in chondrogenesis and myogenesis [5].

Biological context of SOX5

• However, comparison of the 5' unique sequences of the cDNAs suggests that the SOX5 gene is subject to alternative splicing [6].
• Genomic analysis identified a SOX5 pseudogene located on 8q21.1, whereas the SOX5 gene itself, which contains a minimum of five introns, maps to 12p12 [6].
• We have identified two transcription start sites in L-SOX5 and multiple alternatively spliced mRNA variants that are distinct from the short form [5].
• The L-SOX5 gene contains 18 exons and shows similar genomic structure to SOX6 [5].
• Analysis of the data identified multiple new candidates for downstream targets for SOX9, SOX5, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-alpha, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma [7].

Anatomical context of SOX5

• 1. In contrast to the mouse gene, the human SOX5 gene is expressed in a variety of human tissues, and different size transcripts are observed in adult testis and fetal brain [6].
• Here, we show that the group D Sox transcription factors Sox5 and Sox6 jointly and cell-autonomously regulate several stages of oligodendrocyte development in the mouse spinal cord [8].
• L-Sox5 and Sox6 are respectively induced coincident and after the expression of Bmpr1b in the prechondrogenic aggregate, and their activation correlates with the induction of Type II Collagen and Aggrecan genes in the differentiating cartilages [9].
• CONCLUSIONS: L-Sox5, Sox6, and Sox9 play essential roles in chondrocyte differentiation and, thereby, in cartilage formation [10].

References