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Gene Review:

SYN1 - RAD21-like protein SYN1

Arabidopsis thaliana

Synonyms: ATREC8, AtREC8, BP2, DETERMINATE, DETERMINATE, INFERTILE 1, ...

Cai, X. et al., Bai, X. et al., Bhatt, A.M. et al., Liu, Z. et al.

Bhatt, Lister, Page, Fransz, Findlay, Jones, Dickinson, Dean,

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Disease relevance of DIF1/SYN1

Five independent alleles of the DIF1 gene were isolated by transposon mutagenesis, and the mutants show complete male and female sterility [1].

High impact information on DIF1/SYN1

Consistent with its predicted role in the release of sister chromatid cohesion, immunolocalization studies showed that the removal of SYN1 from chromosome arms and the centromeres is inhibited in the RNAi mutants [2].
Plants homozygous for syn1 are male and female sterile and show defects in chromosome condensation and pairing beginning at leptonema of meiosis I [3].
SYN1 has been isolated and found to exhibit similarity to Schizosaccharomyces pombe RAD21 and RAD21-like proteins, which are required for chromosome condensation and sister chromatid cohesion during mitosis [3].
Isolation and characterization of SYN1, a RAD21-like gene essential for meiosis in Arabidopsis [3].
As part of studies to identify and characterize proteins required for meiosis in plants, we previously identified a putative Arabidopsis REC8 homolog, referred to as syn1 [4].

Biological context of DIF1/SYN1

In the experiments presented here we show that SYN1 encodes a protein that localizes to arms of meiotic chromosomes from approximately meiotic interphase to anaphase I [4].
Furthermore, fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments on microsporocytes from syn1 plants demonstrate that the mutation eliminates arm cohesion as early as interphase, whereas centromere cohesion is maintained until approximately anaphase I [4].

Anatomical context of DIF1/SYN1

Pollen mother cells (PMCs) of dif1 mutants show multiple meiotic defects which are represented by univalent chromosomes and chromosome fragmentation at metaphase I, and acentric fragments and chromatin bridges in meiosis I and II [1].

References

The DIF1 gene of Arabidopsis is required for meiotic chromosome segregation and belongs to the REC8/RAD21 cohesin gene family. Bhatt, A.M., Lister, C., Page, T., Fransz, P., Findlay, K., Jones, G.H., Dickinson, H.G., Dean, C. Plant J. (1999) [Pubmed]
Arabidopsis Separase AESP Is Essential for Embryo Development and the Release of Cohesin during Meiosis. Liu, Z., Makaroff, C.A. Plant Cell (2006) [Pubmed]
Isolation and characterization of SYN1, a RAD21-like gene essential for meiosis in Arabidopsis. Bai, X., Peirson, B.N., Dong, F., Xue, C., Makaroff, C.A. Plant Cell (1999) [Pubmed]
The Arabidopsis SYN1 cohesin protein is required for sister chromatid arm cohesion and homologous chromosome pairing. Cai, X., Dong, F., Edelmann, R.E., Makaroff, C.A. J. Cell. Sci. (2003) [Pubmed]

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