Disease relevance of Aversive Therapy

• Disulfiram (Antabuse), a drug used in alcohol aversion therapy, has been demonstrated to protect various species against hyperbaric O2 toxicity [1].
• Disulfiram, a dithiocarbamate drug used in alcohol aversion therapy, produces a peripheral neuropathy characterized in rats as segmental demyelination accompanied by generation of S-(diethylaminocarbonyl)cysteine (DETC-Cys) adducts [2].

High impact information on Aversive Therapy

• Aversion therapy for homosexuality [3].
• Disulfiram is not 'aversion therapy', but a technique for facilitating exposure and response prevention, and it fits comfortably into a behavioural, social-learning model of addiction (or dependence) and its treatment [4].
• The alcohol aversion therapy drug disulfiram has been shown to inhibit hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), one of the key enzymes involved in ethanol metabolism [5].
• S-Methyl-N,N-diethylthiocarbamoyl sulfoxide (MeDTC-SO) is a known metabolite of the aversion therapy drug disulfiram (DSF) [6].
• Disulfiram, used in aversion therapy in the treatment of alcoholism, inhibits hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) causing an accumulation of acetaldehyde after ethanol ingestion [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of Aversive Therapy

• CS2, a known neurotoxicant, is used in the viscose production of rayon and is also a decomposition product of N, N-diethyldithiocarbamate, a metabolic product of the drug disulfiram used in alcohol aversion therapy [8].
• Of a randomly selected sample of 214 patients treated with aversion therapy for cocaine dependence in four chemical dependency units operated by Schick Shadel Hospitals, 156 were followed up 12 to 20 months posttreatment (average 15.2 months) [9].
• Conditioned ethanol aversion in rats induced by voluntary wheel running, forced swimming, and electric shock: an implication for aversion therapy of alcoholism [10].
• Drug-seeking behavior and its mediation: effects of aversion therapy with narcotic addicts on methadone [11].
• Blood nicotine and carboxyhemoglobin levels after rapid-smoking aversion therapy [12].

Biological context of Aversive Therapy

• It is suggested that desensitization reduces the arousal produced by behavior completion mechanisms. -- Aversive therapy in homosexuality reduces the subjects' drive to carry out compulsive sexual behaviors but does not alter sexual orientation [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Aversive Therapy

• A pharmacokinetic study of cyanamide, an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC1.2.1.3) used as an adjuvant in the aversive therapy of chronic alcoholism, has been carried out in healthy male volunteers following intravenous and oral administration [14].
• Treatment outcome of 600 chemically dependent patients treated in a multimodal inpatient program including aversion therapy and pentothal interviews [15].
• Chemical aversion therapy in the treatment of cocaine dependence as part of a multimodal treatment program: treatment outcome [16].

References