Disease relevance of Sexual Behavior

• These included an inability to ovulate, uterine hyperplasia and inflammation, severely limited mammary gland development, and an inability to exhibit sexual behavior [1].
• These predictions allowed for the identification of putative candidate genes for complex conditions where parent-of-origin effects are involved, including Alzheimer disease, autism, bipolar disorder, diabetes, male sexual orientation, obesity, and schizophrenia [2].
• These data suggest that in the VTA, PROG may facilitate lordosis following metabolism to and/or biosynthesis of 3alpha,5alpha-TH PROG, which may have subsequent actions at GBRs and/or MBRs to acutely modulate female sexual behavior in rodents [3].
• METHODS: From March to August 2003 we conducted a national survey of HIV prevalence and sexual behavior among 11 904 15-24 year olds [4].
• The introduction of sildenafil citrate, the first oral agent for the treatment of this disorder, has increased awareness about the risks of sexual activity in cardiac patients and raised concerns about the safety of sildenafil in patients being treated for coronary disease [5].

Psychiatry related information on Sexual Behavior

• BACKGROUND: Men with deviant sexual behavior, or paraphilia, are usually treated with psychotherapy, antidepressant drugs, progestins, and antiandrogens, but these treatments are often ineffective [6].
• Classical conditioning: induction of luteinizing hormone and testosterone secretion in anticipation of sexual activity [7].
• More sertraline-treated subjects reported improved functioning in the domains of family relationships, social activities, and sexual activity [8].
• Low socio-economic status, injecting drug and crack cocaine use, and high risk sexual activity were related to reports of more adverse events and depressive symptoms for both groups [9].
• Therefore, we determined in 42 subjects the number of somatostatin-expressing neurons in the BSTc in relation to sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, and past or present hormonal status [10].

High impact information on Sexual Behavior

• Parent-of-origin influences on social cognition in Turner syndrome might be due to the presence of imprinted genes on the X. Imprinting of X-linked genes has also been implicated in the male prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders, in male sexual orientation and in the developmental delay of XO mouse embryos [11].
• Despite an appreciable placebo response, the higher testosterone dose resulted in further increases in scores for frequency of sexual activity and pleasure-orgasm in the Brief index of Sexual Functioning for Women (P=0.03 for both comparisons with placebo) [12].
• Selective inhibition of pituitary-gonadal function with a long-acting agonist analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone may abolish the deviant sexual behavior by reducing testosterone secretion [6].
• At each visit, we collected information about lifestyle and sexual behavior and obtained cervicovaginal-lavage samples for the detection of HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot hybridization [13].
• Our results corroborate the previously reported linkage between Xq28 and male homosexuality in selected kinships and suggest that this region contains a locus that influences individual variations in sexual orientation in men but not in women [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Sexual Behavior

• These results suggested that CYP17 deletion caused a primary phenotype (infertility), probably not due to the anticipated androgen imbalance and a secondary phenotype (change in sexual behavior) due to the androgen imbalance [15].
• In the first sexual behavior test (facilitation test), all animals treated with estradiol + P exhibited intense lordosis behavior [16].
• Furthermore, neonatal exposure to citalopram produces selective changes in behavior in adult rats including increased locomotor activity and decreased sexual behavior similar to that previously reported for antidepressants that are nonselective monoamine transport inhibitors [17].
• At age 70 days reproductive organ masses, plasma testosterone concentration, sperm counts and sexual behavior were assessed in male offspring.RESULTS Exposure to genistein resulted in temporary, prepubertal urogenital abnormalities at postnatal days 21 and 40 [18].
• Administration of the serotonin (5-HT)1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) facilitates the expression of masculine sexual behavior in male and female rats as well as in male rhesus monkeys and inhibits lordosis behavior in female rats [19].
• We studied the sexual behavior, estrous cycle, and estradiol plasma levels of intact female rats when they reached 3 months of age [20].

Biological context of Sexual Behavior

• Estrogen and progesterone modulate gene expression in rodents by activation of intracellular receptors in the hypothalamus, which regulate neuronal networks that control female sexual behavior [21].
• Thus testosterone effects on neuroplasticity in the song system may be indirect in that behavioral activity stimulated by testosterone acting in sites that promote male sexual behavior could in turn promote morphological changes in the song system [22].
• We show that this local increase in CREB activity completely rescued the anxiety phenotype of the isolated animals, as well as their deficit in initiating sexual behavior, but failed to rescue the deficit in ejaculation [23].
• Current theories of sexual differentiation maintain that ovarian estrogen prevents masculine development of the copulatory system in birds, whereas estrogen derived from testicular androgens promotes masculine sexual differentiation of neuroanatomy and sexual behavior in mammals [24].
• We suggest that fru functions downstream of tra in the sex-determination cascade in some neural cells and that inappropriate sexual development of these cells in the fru mutants results in altered sexual orientation of the fly [25].

Anatomical context of Sexual Behavior

• Reduction of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in the preoptic area of female mice mimics estradiol effects on arousal and sex behavior [26].
• Regulation of anxiety and initiation of sexual behavior by CREB in the nucleus accumbens [23].
• To ascertain the role of NO in the control of sexual behavior in female rats, an inhibitor of NOS, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine was microinjected into the third cerebral ventricle (3V) of conscious, ovariectomized, estrogen-primed rats with indwelling cannulae [27].
• Thus, an intact vomeronasal organ is important for the normal display of sexual behavior and aggression in male mice, and the reductions in these androgen-dependent behaviors following peripheral deafferentation of the vomeronasal system cannot be attributed to a chronic reduction of gonadal hormone secretion [28].
• Expression of fru in the nervous system specifies male sexual behavior and the muscle of Lawrence (MOL), an abdominal muscle that develops in males but not in females [29].

Associations of Sexual Behavior with chemical compounds

• The requirement for estrogen in normal male sexual behavior is also reviewed, along with the somewhat limited data on the fertility of men who lack either the capacity to produce or respond to estrogen [30].
• A dopamine receptor stimulant and a D1 receptor agonist, but not a D2 receptor agonist, mimicked the effects of progesterone in facilitating sexual behavior in female rats [21].
• Steroid hormone--and neurotransmitter-induced rat sexual behavior: addendum [31].
• These results may help to explain why male sexual behavior in some rodents is not fully activated with dihydrotestosterone alone but in addition requires estradiol, a testosterone metabolite [32].
• Administration of haloperidol, a common neuroleptic, to pregnant or lactating rats impaired the masculine sex behavior of their male offspring [33].

Gene context of Sexual Behavior

• In dramatic contrast to our results with ERalpha knockout (alphaERKO) males, betaERKO males performed at least as well as wild-type controls in sexual behavior tests [34].
• The fru gene is expressed in a population of brain cells, including those in the antennal lobe, that have been suggested to be involved in determination of male sexual orientation [25].
• In Drosophila, recent evidence indicates the presence of a doublesex-independent pathway controlling sexual behavior and neuronal differentiation [35].
• We examined the effects of antisense oligonucleotides to SRC-1, SRC-2, and SRC-3 on female sexual behavior and steroid receptor-mediated transcription [36].
• One way in which the ovarian steroid 17 beta-estradiol (E2) has been shown to modulate OT transmission is by increasing OT receptor binding in certain brain areas involved in the regulation of female sexual behavior such as the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN) [37].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Sexual Behavior

• DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of MSM in Lima, Peru. METHODS: Four-hundred and fifty-one MSM (of whom 442 responded to the question regarding sexual orientation) recruited through street outreach [38].
• The effects of supraphysiological levels of testosterone, used for male contraception, on sexual behavior and mood were studied in a single-blind, placebo-controlled manner in a group of 31 normal men [39].
• Nefazodone and the treatment of nonparaphilic compulsive sexual behavior: a retrospective study [40].
• To explore a role for GnRH II in regulating primate sexual behavior, eight adult female common marmosets, each fitted with an indwelling intracerebroventricular (icv) cannula, were ovariectomized, implanted subcutaneously with empty (n = 4) or estradiol-filled (n = 4) SILASTIC brand capsules, and pair housed with an adult male mate [41].
• From animal research, there is ample evidence for a facilitating effect of dopamine on sexual behavior [42].

References