Disease relevance of Diastema

• Management of a hyperdivergent Class III malocclusion, maxillary midline diastema, and infected mandibular incisors in a young adult [1].
• This paper presents an orthodontic case of a large (14.5 mm) maxillary midline diastema that was related to the presence, and subsequent removal of 2 median maxillary supernumerary teeth and resulting bone loss [2].

High impact information on Diastema

• Gas1 is normally expressed throughout mandibular arch mesenchyme; however, in the absence of epithelium this expression was downregulated specifically in the diastema where ectopic Shh protein was identified [3].
• This inhibitory activity was demonstrated by the ability of transplanted diastema epithelium to downregulate Ptc1 in tooth explants, and for isolated diastema mesenchyme to express Ptc1 [3].
• Although the diastema regions of the two species differed, in both species the earliest difference that we found was weaker expression of mesenchymal Pax9 in the diastema region than in molar and incisor regions at the dental lamina stage [4].
• By in situ hybridization we investigated the expression patterns of the msx-1, msx-2, BMP-2 and BMP-4 genes, supposed to regulate early tooth development, in day 10-14 mouse embryonic upper diastema and molar regions, using 49 series of frontal sections [5].
• In many cases it is necessary to perform a frenectomy to prevent reopening of a midline diastema following closure by orthodontic therapy [6].

Chemical compound and disease context of Diastema

• Precedence in adult orthodontics concentrated on correcting diastemas and malpositioned teeth, leveling infrabony defects, reducing periodontal depths, leveling occlusal planes, and creating harmonious gingival-lip line relationships [7].
• In embryos of albino mice of ICR strain, collected between days 13 and 15, the epithelial lining within the future upper maxillary diastema was studied using frontal histological sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin and PAS methods [8].

Anatomical context of Diastema

• These findings suggest that, in diastema mesenchyme, restriction of Shh activity is dependent upon the overlying epithelium [3].
• In the present study explanted mandibles that were treated with exogenous EGF (40 ng/ml of medium) contained supernumerary buds of mandibular epithelium in the diastema region [9].
• The commonest location of frenum attachment amongst children with lower midline diastema was the mucogingival junction (86%) whereas amongst those with upper midline diastema it was attached gingiva (50%) [10].

Gene context of Diastema

• Some of the dental features reported include macrodontia, hypodontia, delayed eruption, and midline diastema [11].
• Diastema correction sans orthodontic treatment [12].
• RESULTS: Mild fluorosis was assessed less favorably than normal/control, midline diastema was less favorable than mild fluorosis, and mild fluorosis was less favorable than isolated opacity [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Diastema

• In a cross-sectional study of midline diastemas in a South Indian (Madras) population, 9,774 patients aged 13-35 years were screened [14].

References