Disease relevance of Mandible

• The mandibles and long bones of newborn rats were analyzed for the effects of maternal caffeine consumption and protein-energy malnutrition [1].
• The mandibles of seven fresh cadavers were locked into a specific occlusal position (intercuspal) throughout all procedures [2].
• PATIENTS: Between January 1996 and December 1998 we treated with titanium mesh 17 patients with fractures of extremely atrophic mandibles, mandibular discontinuity defects or comminuted fractures [3].
• To determine the effect of PGE2 on alveolar bone resorption, left mandibles from 24 Lewis rats were treated over a 20-day period with a local application of PGE2 (0.1, 0.05 or 0.025 mg/day) or placebo [4].

High impact information on Mandible

• About 20 per cent of Smad2 heterozygous embryos have severe gastrulation defects and lack mandibles or eyes, indicating that the gene dosage of Smad2 is critical for signalling [5].
• Dlx5 mutant mice have multiple defects in craniofacial structures, including their ears, noses, mandibles and calvaria, and die shortly after birth [6].
• Furthermore, the nasal capsules and mandibles of the chimeras had defects similar to Gsc-null mice that varied in severity depending upon the proportion of Gsc-null cells [7].
• Bone hydroxyapatite crystal growth in the mandibles of flight rats was preferentially altered in such a way as to reduce their size (C-axis dimension) [8].
• The transgenic mice embryos containing -165/106-bp Msx-1 promoter-LacZ DNA in their genomes abundantly expressed beta-galactosidase in maxillae and mandibles and in the cellular primordia involved in the formation of the meninges and the bones of the skull [9].

Biological context of Mandible

• Assays of the BSP promoter transgene in calvariae, mandibles, and tibiae of the rachitic mice showed increases in luciferase activity of 3.1-, 1.9-, and 4.6-fold, respectively, when compared with control littermates [10].
• The proportions of double-labeled surface (dLS), the mineral apposition rate (MAR), and bone formation rate (BFR) were significantly increased in mandibles treated with the two higher doses of PGE2 [11].
• HGF was first recognized in the mesenchymal cells of the first branchial arch at the 10th day of gestation (E10), before tongue formation, whereas HGF receptor (c-Met) -positive myogenic cells first appeared at E11 in the center of mandibles [12].
• The present study was designed to investigate the expression of versican and ADAMTS1, 4, and 5 mRNA during bone development in rat mandibles and hind limbs by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization [13].
• Based on the histological findings, we performed cDNA subtraction between the E10.5 and E12 mandibles to detect any differentially expressed genes which might be involved in the initiation of odontogenesis [14].

Anatomical context of Mandible

• Antiserum to the 28-kilodalton vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (CaBP) was used to localize CaBP in histologic sections of the continuously erupting incisor in mandibles obtained from normal rats [15].
• All mandibles were rigidly fixed by placing anterior mandibular border titanium plates and unicortical screws, and there was no incidence of nonunion or of lingual or inferior alveolar nerve injuries [16].
• In order to clarify the role of BMP4 in the development of the tooth crown, we employed the antisense technique on molar tooth germs removed from the mandibles of embryonic 13.5-d-old mice [17].
• Immunohistochemical localization of type I collagen, fibronectin and tenascin C during embryonic osteogenesis in the dentary of mandibles and tibias in rats [18].
• Cartilage nodule formation in mesenchymal cells cultured from rat mandibles in the presence of TGF-alpha was significantly inhibited [19].

Associations of Mandible with chemical compounds

• The synthesis of the phosphoproteins was further confirmed by the demonstration that radioactively labeled O-phosphoserine and O-phosphothreonine were identified in bone and in the EDTA-extractable phosphoproteins after pulse-labeling chick mandibles in vitro with radioactively labeled serine and threonine, respectively [20].
• In the pups whose dams were fed the 12% protein diet with caffeine, body and mandibular weight, collagen synthesis, and hydroxyproline and calcium contents in mandibles and long bones of pups showed no difference from those of the noncaffeine group, but long bones were heavier [21].
• These implants, together with HA and titanium plasma-sprayed implants as control materials, were placed in dog mandibles for 4 weeks [22].
• With proper multidisciplinary pretreatment planning and postoperative treatment, osseointegrated implants can be strategically placed in patients with these reconstructed mandibles to restore occlusal and masticatory function [23].
• Effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on the fatty acid composition and arachidonic acid levels in rat maxillae and mandibles [24].

Gene context of Mandible

• We tested this hypothesis by conducting a whole-genome scan to detect any epistasis in FA of centroid size in the mandibles of more than 400 mice from an F2 intercross population formed from crossing the Large (LG/J) and Small (SM/J) inbred strains [25].
• In the embryonic mandibles, resting and proliferating chondrocytes in the anterior and intermediate portions of Meckel's cartilage showed Hsp25 immunoreactivity from the 12th day of gestation (E12) through E15, whereas those in the posterior portion showed little or no immunoreactivity [26].
• RESULTS: Mandibles implanted with carriers containing 10 microg of BMP-2 or -4 differed significantly from controls in terms of new bone area (p = 0.01 and p = 0.0001, respectively) [27].
• These results revealed that exogenous HGF enhances bone and cartilage morphogenesis in the cultured mandibles, suggesting physiological roles for intrinsic HGF in the early development of mouse mandible [28].
• EGF mRNA was present in mandibles at day 9 and 10 but not at days 11-17 [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Mandible

• The fate was examined of poly(lactic acid) microbeads implanted in large artificial defects created in cortical bone of dog mandibles [30].
• This paper reports the results of using osseointegrated titanium implants as abutments for overdenture restorations in the mandibles of 62 edentulous patients [31].
• The expression of intrinsic HGF and c-met in the cultured mandibles was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction [28].
• Changes in mineral content and mineral deposition in the hard tissues of the mandibles were studied using microradiography and by labelling with tetracycline and lead acetate [32].
• The concentration of clindamycin in the mandibles of dogs and cats may be useful to combat infections after periodontal procedures, tooth extractions, or injuries to the mandible [33].

References