Disease relevance of Calophyllum

• Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and HIV-1 replication by Calophyllum coumarins and xanthones [1].
• Specific inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mediated by soulattrolide, a coumarin isolated from the latex of calophyllum teysmannii [2].
• We have investigated the antimicrobial activity of Calophyllum xanthones, with a special reference to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) [3].

High impact information on Calophyllum

• A number of natural products have been reported to interact with the reverse transcriptase, i.e., baicalin, avarol, avarone, psychotrine, phloroglucinol derivatives, and, in particular, calanolides (from the tropical rainforest tree, Calophyllum lanigerum) and inophyllums (from the Malaysian tree, Calophyllum inophyllum) [4].
• Fractionation of the extract yielded inophyllums A, B, C, and E and calophyllolide (1a, 2a, 3a, 3b, and 6), previously isolated from Calophyllum inophyllum Linn., a known source of nutrition for A. fulica [5].
• The calanolides, a novel HIV-inhibitory class of coumarin derivatives from the tropical rainforest tree, Calophyllum lanigerum [6].
• (-)-Quinine-catalyzed intramolecular oxo-Michael addition (IMA) of 7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-tigloylcoumarins was developed for the enantioselective construction of 2,3-dimethyl-4-chromanone systems in the context of the asymmetric synthesis of anti-HIV-1 active Calophyllum coumarins [7].
• Two new xanthones, caledonixanthone M 1 and caloxanthone L 2, and one new acid, caledonic acid 6 were isolated from the hexane-soluble extract of the stem bark of Calophyllum caledonicum [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Calophyllum

• The best extracts were Calophyllum brasiliense (hexane) and Clusia quadrangula (CH(2)Cl(2)-MeOH) which inhibited HIV-1 RT (IC(50)=29.6 microg/ml and 42 microg/ml), and showed an EC(50)=92.5 microg/ml and 91 microg/ml, respectively, on MT2 cells [9].

Associations of Calophyllum with chemical compounds

• Inocalophyllins A, B and their methyl esters from the seeds of Calophyllum inophyllum [10].
• Twigs of Calophyllum cordato-oblongum have been shown to contain a new pyranocoumarin, the methyl ether of cordatolide B, three reported pyranocoumarins, cordato-oblongic acid, friedelin, canophyllol and taraxerol [11].
• A polyisoprenylated ketone from Calophyllum enervosum [12].
• New chromanone acids with antibacterial activity from Calophyllum brasiliense [13].
• Composition of fatty acids triacylglycerols and unsaponifiable matter in Calophyllum calaba L. oil from Guadeloupe [14].

Gene context of Calophyllum

• Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors from Calophyllum membranaceum [15].
• Gastroprotective effect from Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. bark on experimental gastric lesions in rats and mice [16].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Calophyllum

• Chemical investigation of the anti-inflammatory Chinese folk medicine Calophyllum membranaceum has resulted in the isolation and characterization of three new xanthones (1-3), one new biphenyl C-glycoside (4), and one new phenylethanoid glycoside (5) along with 17 known compounds [15].
• The hexane, acetone and methanol extracts of Calophyllum brasiliense leaves were fractionated following a three bioassay guide: high HIV-1 RT inhibition, low cytotoxicity on MT2 cells and high inhibition of HIV-1 IIIb/LAV replication [17].

References