Disease relevance of Biological Assay

• In 25 of the patients with trauma or sepsis the rate of amino acid release from one leg was measured by subtracting the concentration of tyrosine plus phenylalanine in the femoral artery plasma from that in the femoral vein; this rate correlated well with the bioactivity of the plasma in the bioassay system (r = 0.67, P less than 0.001) [1].
• Three systems were used for bioassay; induction of bladder carcinoma by implantation of cholesterol pellets containing bracken fern fractions into the bladder lumens of mice; acute toxicity by ip injection of brachen fern fraction into mice; and growth inhibition of Escherichia coli [2].
• Various sulfonic acid derivatives of 1-naphthylamine and 2-naphthylamine were tested in inbred A/St (male and female) mice by the pulmonary adenoma bioassay to determine if this class of compounds, used as intermediates in the dye-stuff industry, possesses tumorigenic activity [3].
• The effects of dietary linoleic acid and marine fatty acids seen in animal bioassays might not apply to human prostate cancer [4].
• BACKGROUND: Although a recent bioassay showed increased frequency of bone cancer in rats with high oral intake of fluoride, the data are reported as equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity [5].

Psychiatry related information on Biological Assay

• Metallothionein (MT)-III: generation of polyclonal antibodies, comparison with MT-I+II in the freeze lesioned rat brain and in a bioassay with astrocytes, and analysis of Alzheimer's disease brains [6].
• The urinary excretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) was measured by bioassay in normal subjects at rest, on reduced physical activity and on routine everyday activity [7].
• Cataplexy in dogs can easily be quantified using a simple behavioural bioassay, the Food Elicited Cataplexy Test. In contrast, daytime sleepiness and fragmented sleep are more difficult to measure, as long-term, labour-intensive polygraphic recordings in surgically-implanted animals are needed [8].

High impact information on Biological Assay

• To address the possible tumor suppressor role of wildtype Kras2 in lung tumorigenesis, we have carried out a lung tumor bioassay in heterozygous Kras2-deficient mice [9].
• Purified Nod factors (sulfated or not) from nodH+ or nodH- strains exhibited the same plant specificity in a variety of bioassays (root hair deformations, nodulation, changes in root morphology) as the bacterial cells from which they were purified [10].
• Bioassays of Tg brain extracts showed that the prion inoculum dictates which prions are synthesized de novo [11].
• Northern gel analysis of mRNA, bioassay of culture supernatants, and the density-independent growth of the FI cells indicated that the transformation had not induced the synthesis of the hemopoietic growth factors normally required to support the FD cells, that is, granulocyte-macrophage CSF or Multi-CSF [12].
• Radioimmunoassay and bioassays showed that tumor extracts and further purified fractions were active in corticotropin-releasing factor, and the tumor material coeluted with corticotropin-releasing factor on high-pressure liquid chromatography [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Biological Assay

• Synthetic uroguanylin-(2-15) (i.e., EDCELCINVACTGC) was 10-fold more potent than synthetic rat guanylin, but both peptides were less potent than Escherichia coli ST in the T84 cell cGMP bioassay [14].
• By monitoring quinone reductase induction in cultured murine hepatoma cells as the biological assay, we have isolated and identified (-)-1-isothiocyanato-(4R)-(methylsulfinyl)butane [CH3-SO-(CH2)4-NCS, sulforaphane] as a major and very potent phase II enzyme inducer in SAGA broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica) [15].
• Rhodamine-labeled diphtheria toxin retained significant toxicity on bioassay and in cell culture and was tested for uptake by human WI-38 and mouse 3T3 fibroblasts grown in culture [16].
• Prostaglandin E2-like activity was determined in peripheral venous blood of control subjects and in patients with acute gastroenteritis and active ulcerative colitis, using a bioassay method [17].
• TNF levels were measured by bioassay in the plasma and in supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) incubated alone or with an inducer (lipopolysaccharide, phytohemagglutinin [PHA], or Sendai virus) [18].

Biological context of Biological Assay

• Product safety bioassays conducted with animals selected for fecundity may greatly underestimate disruption of male reproductive development by estradiol and environmental estrogenic compounds [19].
• CP-96,345 inhibited substance P-induced salivation in the rat, a classical in vivo bioassay, but did not inhibit NK2, NK3, or numerous other receptors; it is thus a selective NK1 antagonist [20].
• The mechanism of TRH-R downregulation was studied by monitoring TRH-evoked depolarizing currents in Xenopus oocytes injected with GH3 cell RNA as a bioassay for TRH-R messenger RNA (mRNA) activity [21].
• The responsiveness of the transfected hybrid genes containing the IL-2 regulatory region paralleled the expression of the endogenous IL-2 gene, as determined by IL-2 bioassays [22].
• 3,9-DiOHBA inhibited estradiol binding to the 8S binding protein at a concentration (1.2 X 10(-5) M) approximately equal to that of nafoxidine-HCl (3 X 10(-5) M) required to inhibit estradiol-specific binding, and bioassay for estrogenic activity substantiated this finding [23].

Anatomical context of Biological Assay

• Met-enkephalin has been detected in several species in a variety of tissues including brain, spinal cord and gut using bioassays, opiate receptor assays and radioimmunoassays (RIA) [24].
• A bioassay for FGFs demonstrated that FGF-2 was the only detectable FGF in chick limb bud extracts [25].
• MCP-6 is shown to be a mitogen for dermal fibroblasts that proliferate in the reactive stroma, whereas MCP-4 can activate progelatinase B and induce hyperplastic skin to become angiogenic in an in vitro bioassay [26].
• Western analysis with an anti-beta A antibody and an erythroid differentiation bioassay confirmed that the conditioned media of LPS-activated monocytes contained the activin A/EDF protein [27].
• We have used bioassays and neutralizing mAbs to demonstrate that IL-2, IL-4, and B cell growth factors (BCGF) are produced during primary and secondary MLRs [28].

Associations of Biological Assay with chemical compounds

• This substance has the same characteristics as thromboxane A2, and can be distinguished from other products of arachidonic acid metabolism by differential bioassay [29].
• Co-infusion of cysteine revealed major differences between the remaining candidates because it reduced the effect of authentic nitric oxide and EDRF on the bioassay tissues but enhanced the survival of S-nitrosocysteine and S-nitrosocysteamine [30].
• Several pieces of evidence, including the selectivity of the bioassay tissues, chemical instability, inactivation by superoxide anion and haemoglobin, inhibition by NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) and potentiation by L-arginine all indicated that NO accounted for the biological activity of this transferable NANC factor [31].
• The melatonin in urine samples from six healthy adult volunteers was concentrated on Amberlite XAD-2 resin, eluted with organic solvents, and quantitated by use of a bioassay technique (the dermal melanaphore response of larval anurans to melatonin in their bathing medium) [32].
• In laboratory and field bioassays, Gnathotrichus sulcatus responded to sulcatol (6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol) only when both enantiomers were present [33].

Gene context of Biological Assay

• Rescue of tracheal migration in btl mutant embryos by the chimeric construct provides a sensitive biological assay for the activity of other Drosophila receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) [34].
• While neither IL-1ra nor 35F5 had intrinsic activity in bioassays using T helper D10.G4.1 cells and mouse thymocytes, both agents blocked the ability of IL-1 to stimulate proliferation of these cells [35].
• Quantitation by bioassay revealed baseline TGF beta secretion of approximately 1 ng/10(6) cells over 48 h [36].
• Biological assays and immunoassays demonstrate that PMN translate these mRNAs, except TNF-alpha, into secretory proteins [37].
• These primary leukemic T cells also released biologically active IL-1 protein as evaluated in the murine thymocyte comitogenesis bioassay [38].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Biological Assay

• A bioassay for TGF-beta using mink lung epithelial cells revealed that MCT cells treated with ANG II released active TGF-beta into the cell culture supernatant [39].
• Several standard biological assays for TGF-beta activity were used for these determinations including soft agar assays, inhibition of epithelial cell proliferation, and a TGF-beta-specific radioreceptor assay [40].
• The same Sephadex G-25 gel filtration fraction previously shown to contain the "uremic" inhibitor was tested in both the isolated toad bladder and rat bioassay systems [41].
• The bioassay used flow cytometry to measure the increase in equilibrium intracellular daunorubicin levels in multidrug-resistant human T-cell leukemia cells (CEM/VLB100) in the presence of a series of concentrations of Cremophor [42].
• The production of latent and active forms of TGF beta by these cells were analyzed by immunoblotting and bioassays [43].

References